The identification and classification of green areas for urban planning using multispectral images at Baja California, Mexico

Abstract

In the legal framework of urban planning in Mexico, the provision of urban green areas is approached from a social perspective, as public spaces for recreation and sports activities, regardless of the environmental and economic benefits they can provide from a sustainable development perspective. The planning of urban green areas requires a set of conditions in order to be successful, among which are: an updated regulatory framework, adequate financial resources, technical knowledge of the appropriate plant species and the effective participation of the community. However, without a complete and classified inventory of the existing green areas, any planning is unfeasible. Therefore, this paper presents the first stage of the study of urban green areas in a city of the State of Baja California, Mexico, developing firstly, a review of the regulatory framework and a redefinition of the concept of urban green areas that takes into account the basic dimensions of sustainability, and on the other hand, it proposes a general classification of urban green areas that includes all types of open spaces with vegetation: both for public and private use, subdivided into systems and subsystems, which were the basis for the identification, classification and quantification of urban green areas, using Quickbird multispectral images of 2.6 m resolution and applying the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using IDRISI software, and data were integrated in a GIS; finally, the results and discussion are presented.

Response of Leaf Functional Traits of Landscape Plants to Urban Green Space Environment in Lanzhou, China

“…It refers to any green spaces, including the permeable hard-surface areas, mainly consisting of "soft surfaces", such as vegetation and soil [4]. Urban green space exists in a broad variety, such as sport fields, parks, residential green spaces, city farms, greenways, private green areas, and agricultural areas [5]. It is ecological land dominated by natural and artificial vegetation in cities, plays a particular role in the structure of the urban regions [6], and adjusts the urban climate and improves human settlements by affecting the energy and water exchange between the near-surface atmosphere and the underlying surface [7].…”

Availability and accessibility of urban green spaces: the case of the urban zone of Queretaro Metropolitan Area, Mexico

“…Some authors have made spatial inventories of urban green spaces considering these parameters and from these have developed and evaluated a series of indicators that have made it possible to know the situation of this strategic environmental resource in cities. For example, assessments of urban green space of some Mexican cities through the use of geographic information systems have concluded that there is an inadequate provision of green areas per capita as a result of poor urban planning (Peña-Salmón et al, 2014;Ruiz-Luna et al, 2019). Another series of studies has been oriented to estimate its distribution by political-administrative unit (Checa-Artasu, 2016).…”

Developing Urban Green Space Classification System Using Multi-Criteria: The Case of Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia

“…Different countries may have similar or different type of urban green spaces which depends on location, geography, socio-economic, environment and culture of a particular country (e.g Dunnett et al, 2002;Senanayake et al, 2013;Vatseva et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2007a). The type of urban green spaces are commonly stated in the set of federal, state and, district or municipal regulatory framework (i.e law and regulation) related to urban planning (Dunnet et al, 2002;Peña-Salmón et al, 2014). However, their definition and characteristic are inconsistent or not standardize between states, districts or even in different administrative or management zones of a city (e.g Badiru et al, 2005;Peña-Salmón et al, 2014).…”

“…The type of urban green spaces are commonly stated in the set of federal, state and, district or municipal regulatory framework (i.e law and regulation) related to urban planning (Dunnet et al, 2002;Peña-Salmón et al, 2014). However, their definition and characteristic are inconsistent or not standardize between states, districts or even in different administrative or management zones of a city (e.g Badiru et al, 2005;Peña-Salmón et al, 2014). In the context of sustainable urban planning the inconsistency may cause urban green spaces planning and management not efficient and possibly fail to achieve sustainable urban development.…”

“…The systematic classification can be used by urban planners for urban land use change, urban ecology and urban sprawl studies which are useful to plan and to manage urban land use sustainably (Owen et al, 2006;Wang, 2009). Although several efforts have been made to develop urban green space classification system, the approaches used to develop them mainly based on size and vegetation greenness or green area identified through remote sensing and GIS techniques which then classified manually according to the types that stated in the regulatory framework (e.g Kong & Nakagoshi, 2007;Peña-Salmón et al, 2014;Ummeh & Toshio, 2017;Zhang et al, 2007). Nonetheless, urban green spaces may have similar or different structures (e.g size, shape, location) and functions (e.g.…”