This paper studies three-dimensional transient flow characteristics of a medical aircompressing nebulizer which is widely used to treat respiratory diseases in the medical field. The transient atomization process of air and water was numerically simulated and reproduced by solving Navier-Stokes equations, turbulent transport equations, the volume of fluid (VOF) model, and discrete phase model (DPM) model. The water volume fraction inside the nebulizer was simulated and demonstrated utilizing animation. Besides, to better the working performance of the nebulizer, the effects of different working parameters such as different orifice diameters, length of the outflow pipe, and air velocity on the secondary atomization were also studied and discussed. Finally, the droplet breaking process of this type of atomizer is inferred.