The identification of black carbon particles with the analytical scanning electron microscope: methods and initial results

Stoffyn-Egli, Patricia; Potter, T.M.; Leonard, Jim; Pocklington, Roger

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05464-8

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Generally, carbonaceous aerosols (BC) are emitted by incomplete combustion processes such as fossil fuel combustion, wood burning, charcoal combustion or natural fires (Stoffyn et al, 1997;Castro et al, 1999). As reported in previous studies (Baltensperger et al, 1991; occasionally large aerosol and BC peaks attributed to long-range transport events (e.g.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 85%

European source and sink areas of CO2 retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O2 and CO2 measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch

2011

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Abstract. The University of Bern monitors carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch since the year 2000 by means of flasks sampling and since 2005 using a continuous in situ measurement system. This study investigates the transport of CO 2 and O 2 towards Jungfraujoch using backward Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM) simulations and utilizes CO 2 and O 2 signatures to classify air masses. By investigating the simulated transport patterns associated with distinct CO 2 concentrations it is possible to decipher different source and sink areas over Europe. The highest CO 2 concentrations, for example, were observed in winter during pollution episodes when air was transported from Northeastern Europe towards the Alps, or during south Foehn events with rapid uplift of polluted air from Northern Italy, as demonstrated in two case studies.To study the importance of air-sea exchange for variations in O 2 concentrations at Jungfraujoch the correlation between CO 2 and APO (Atmospheric Potential Oxygen) deviations from a seasonally varying background was analyzed. Anomalously high APO concentrations were clearly associated with air masses originating from the Atlantic Ocean, whereas low APO concentrations were found in air masses advected either from the east from the Eurasian continent in summer, or from the Eastern Mediterranean in winter. Those air masses with low APO in summer were also strongly depleted in CO 2 suggesting a combination of CO 2 uptake by vegetation and O 2 uptake by dry summer soils. Other subsets of points in the APO-CO 2 scatter plot investigated with respect to air mass Correspondence to: M. Leuenberger (leuenberger@climate.unibe.ch) origin included CO 2 and APO background values and points with regular APO but anomalous CO 2 concentrations. Background values were associated with free tropospheric air masses with little contact with the boundary layer during the last few days, while high or low CO 2 concentrations reflect the various levels of influence of anthropogenic emissions and the biosphere. The pronounced cycles of CO 2 and O 2 exchanges with the biosphere and the ocean cause clusters of points and lead to a seasonal pattern.

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Section: Casementioning

confidence: 85%

European source and sink areas of CO2 retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O2 and CO2 measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch

2011

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“…For example, millimetre-size particles, settle out of the atmosphere within 100 m of the fire source (Clark and Patterson 1997), while submicron soot particles can remain suspended in the atmosphere in the order of months (Ogren and Charlson 1983), if not subjected to oxidation and wash-out (Masiello 2004). Other authors also described long-range aeolian transport of soot BC as compartments of fly-ash (Stoffyn-Egli et al 1997). Soot-BC particles have been very likely transported further than most other fly-ash compounds.…”

Section: Deposition and Distribution Of Bcmentioning

confidence: 97%

Black Carbon in Fly-Ash Influenced Soils of the Dübener Heide Region, Central Germany

Koschke

Lorz

Fürst

et al. 2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Due to long-lasting historic fly-ash deposition from lignite-fired power plants, soils of forest ecosystems in Central Germany have been affected by a variety of contaminants. In addition to heavy metals and oxides, another fly-ash compound is Black carbon (BC) which supposedly has been accumulated as well. BC as a generic term describing different forms of pyrogenetic carbon is considered as a very stable fraction of the C cycle. In this study, BC content of organic layers of 38 sites from two adjacent forested areas was determined using a simplified benzenepolycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method. Considerable amounts of BC were detected in both areas. It accounted for up to 11.2 and 15.6% of total organic carbon (TOC) in the Oe and Oa horizons, respectively. On average, slightly higher BC contents were found in the Oe (23.0 g BC kg −1 ), whereas BC/TOC ratios were higher in the Oa. The BC/TOC ratio of the Oe horizon tended to decrease with increasing distance from the former main emitters. In contrast to expectations, BC contents of the Oa horizon tended to increase with increasing distance. The deposition gradient, in previous research found for other fly-ash compounds, could not be observed for BC. Higher values in more remote forests might be taken as an indicator for the influence of additional emission sources. Further research is needed to confirm the results and to elucidate the potential impact of (soot-) BC on humus dynamics in the study area.

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“…In the last decades, the role of PyOM in biogeochemical cycles has received much attention since several forms of PyOM are recalcitrant to both biotic and abiotic degradation; thus, PyOM acts as an important inert carbon reservoir in the global carbon cycle (Schmidt and Noack 2000). PyOM was studied using several different methods, such as vibrational or magnetic spectroscopy (Almendros et al 2003;Knicker et al 2006;Francioso et al 2011;Mastrolonardo et al 2013), thermal analysis (De la Rosa et al 2008;Mastrolonardo et al 2014), visual microscopy (Stoffyn-Egli et al 1997;Pituello et al 2014) and chromatographic analyses (De la Rosa et al 2008;Nocentini et al 2010). Nevertheless, the nature of PyOM remains to be fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil pyrogenic organic matter characterisation by spectroscopic analysis: a study on combustion and pyrolysis residues

et al. 2014

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The identification of black carbon particles with the analytical scanning electron microscope: methods and initial results

Cited by 52 publications

References 28 publications

European source and sink areas of CO<sub>2</sub> retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch

European source and sink areas of CO<sub>2</sub> retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch

Black Carbon in Fly-Ash Influenced Soils of the Dübener Heide Region, Central Germany

Soil pyrogenic organic matter characterisation by spectroscopic analysis: a study on combustion and pyrolysis residues

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The identification of black carbon particles with the analytical scanning electron microscope: methods and initial results

Cited by 52 publications

References 28 publications

European source and sink areas of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch

European source and sink areas of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch

Black Carbon in Fly-Ash Influenced Soils of the Dübener Heide Region, Central Germany

Soil pyrogenic organic matter characterisation by spectroscopic analysis: a study on combustion and pyrolysis residues

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European source and sink areas of CO<sub>2</sub> retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch

European source and sink areas of CO<sub>2</sub> retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch