The identification of urinary bile alcohols by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in patients with liver disease and in healthy individuals

Ludwig-Köhn, Helga; Henning, Hans; Sziedat, Astrid; Matthaei, D.; Spiteller, Gerhard; Reiner, Josef; Egger, H

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00070.x

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The HFD increased bilirubin and metabolites and decreased cholic acid expression simultaneously, which finally enriched the lipid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis and unsaturated fatty acids metabolism pathways. This result coincides with the study of Ludwig; his outcome found that the accumulation of bile alcohols possibly indicates alternative pathways of cholic acid formation in liver disease (Ludwig‐Köhn et al, 1983). It also proved that the HFD could model the disease for NAFLD with prediabetics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Metabolomics analysis of the serum metabolic signature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease combined with prediabetes model rats after the intervention of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides combined with aerobic activity

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2023

Biomedical Chromatography

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Metabolic disorders accompany nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), associated with prediabetes. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) seem to be a potential prebiotic, and aerobic exercise has shown protective effects on NAFLD with prediabetes. However, their combined effects on NAFLD and prediabetes remain unclear.This study investigated the effects of LBP and aerobic exercise alone, and their combined effects on the metabolomics of serum, and explored the potential mechanisms utilizing a high-fat diet-induced rat model of NAFLD and prediabetes. It provided the metabolic basis for the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of prediabetes complicated with NAFLD. Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry to analyze the changes in overall metabolites in each group of samples.An orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis model with variable importance on projection >1 and p < 0.05 were used as the screening criteria to screen the significant differential metabolites and analyze the expression changes and functional pathways. Different intervention treatments showed clear discrimination by univariate and multivariate analyses. The model group had a high relative level of expression of lipids. Comparison between the two groups showed steroids with high expression after LBP and aerobic exercise treatment separately and alkaloids and fatty acyls with high expression after aerobic exercise and the combination intervention, respectively.Comparison of the five groups showed some of the metabolites to be differently expressed after the intervention improved lipid and fatty acid metabolism. The three types of intervention had sound effects on the changes in liver index for the diseases studied. Furthermore, the combination treatment may be a better choice for disease prevention and treatment than a single treatment. Our analysis of metabolomics

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Metabolomics analysis of the serum metabolic signature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease combined with prediabetes model rats after the intervention of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides combined with aerobic activity

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2023

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…Another Czs and two CZ5 bile alcohols were found by Kibe et al (62) in bile of a patient with cholestasis due to gallstones in a common bile duct. The analysis of urine (23,69) have shown an increased excretion of several bile alcohols besides the Cp6 pentol ( Table 2).…”

Section: Bile Alcohols In Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excretion of bile alcohols in urine is increased in cholestatic disease. The main component of the urinary bile alcohol profile (27-nor-5P-cholestane-3a,7a,l2a, 24,25-pentol) has been measured in normal children and patients with al-antitrypsin deficiency during development of liver disease (23), in healthy adults (68) and patients with various forms of liver disease (69) and in patients with diabetes mellitus (70). Another Czs and two CZ5 bile alcohols were found by Kibe et al (62) in bile of a patient with cholestasis due to gallstones in a common bile duct.…”

Section: Bile Alcohols In Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effects, if any, of bile alcohols on specific cell functions or enzymatic reactions remain to be found. However, irrespective of possible pathophysiological effects, analysis of bile alcohols in urine (23,29,54,69,77) or tissues (35) might find diagnostic uses. While the increased urinary excretion in liver disease may be a nonspecific result of cholestasis, it is also possible that qualitative changes in the bile alcohol profile might reflect more selective metabolic disturbances in the liver cells.…”

Section: Significance Of Bile Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation and Metabolism of Bile Alcohols in Man

Karlaganis

Sjövall

1984

Hepatology

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“…In addition, some bile alcohols are formed as intermediates in the bile acid biosynthesis pathway in mammals, including humans ( 44 ). Bile alcohols are present as minor components in bile, feces and urine obtained from healthy controls (44)(45)(46). We previously demonstrated that bile alcohols are potent FXR ligands as well as bile acids (37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile alcohols function as the ligands of membrane-type bile acid-activated G protein-coupled receptor

Iguchi

Yamaguchi

Sato

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org the transcription of their own biosynthetic enzymes and of transporter proteins for bile acids. In humans, more than 99% of all bile acids are localized in tissues participating in enterohepatic circulation. However, some bile acids are also present in the systemic circulation at concentrations of 15 M after a meal or at concentrations of 5 M even between meals ( 4 ), whereas their concentrations are several ten-to several hundred-fold higher in the gallbladder, liver, and intestine ( 5 ). In addition, bile acids are known to exhibit immunosuppressive effects on cell-mediated immunity and macrophage functions ( 6-8 ). In view of these fi ndings, bile acids might be expected to function not only in the limited tissues involved in enterohepatic circulation, but also in the whole body as signaling molecules.Recently, a G-protein-coupled plasma membrane receptor responsive to bile acids was discovered using highthroughput screening ( 9, 10 ). This receptor, named TGR5, has been shown to stimulate adenylate cyclase, causing a subsequent increase in the intracellular production of cAMP. This signal transduction occurs independently of FXR. Also, the stimulation of TGR5 by bile acids further enhances energy expenditure in adipocytes and myocytes via these cell-specifi c signal transductions ( 11 ). Furthermore, TGR5 expression has been demonstrated in enteroendocrine cells, where bile acids stimulate the secretion of glucagon -like peptide-1 via TGR5 ( 12 ). These observations suggest that TGR5 might be an attractive target for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.During the course of the development of new reagents with the ability to activate TGR5, a diverse variety of bile acids and chemically modifi ed bile acid analogs were evaluated and their structure-activity relationships were studied in regard to TGR5 activation ( 13 ). In a previous study, Abstract TGR5 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by bile acids, resulting in an increase in cAMP levels and the subsequent modulation of energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue and muscle. Therefore, the development of a TGR5-specifi c agonist could lead to the prevention and treatment of various metabolic disorders related to obesity. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of bile alcohols, which are structurally and physiologically similar to bile acids and are produced as the end products of cholesterol catabolism in evolutionarily primitive vertebrates, to act as TGR5 agonists. In a cell-based reporter assay and a cAMP production assay performed in vitro, most bile alcohols with a side chain containing hydroxyl group(s) were highly effi cacious agonists for TGR5 comparable to its most potent ligand in the naturally occurring bile acid , lithocholic acid. However, the abilities of the bile alcohols to activate TGR5 varied with the position and number of the hydroxyl substituent in the side chain. Additionally, the conformation of the steroidal nucleus of bile alcohols ...

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The identification of urinary bile alcohols by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in patients with liver disease and in healthy individuals

Cited by 36 publications

References 38 publications

Metabolomics analysis of the serum metabolic signature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease combined with prediabetes model rats after the intervention of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides combined with aerobic activity

Metabolomics analysis of the serum metabolic signature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease combined with prediabetes model rats after the intervention of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides combined with aerobic activity

Formation and Metabolism of Bile Alcohols in Man

Bile alcohols function as the ligands of membrane-type bile acid-activated G protein-coupled receptor

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