The Ikom-Mamfe basin, Nigeria: A study of fracture and mineral vein lineament trends and Cretaceous deformations

Oden, M. I.; Egeh, EU; Amah, E. A.

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.09.002

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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Section: Joints/fracturessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The fracture petals configurations obtained in this mineralized zone of the study area is closely related to what had already been obtained and interpreted in the study of barite veins of the Benue Trough and Ikom-Mamfe basin, respectively [61,62,63]. Four petal directions of fractures which is an extension of Benue Trough has been noted [62], while six petals have been observed here, even though two sets may be too weak to compare with others. The NW-SE fractures of barite studies are 'ac' extension fractures perpendicular to the axes of (f 1 ) folds and the NE-SW fractures are 'bc' tensile fractures parallel to the first deformation fold axes (f 1 ) and to the axis of the trough [61].…”

Section: Joints/fracturessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The NW-SE fractures of barite studies are 'ac' extension fractures perpendicular to the axes of (f 1 ) folds and the NE-SW fractures are 'bc' tensile fractures parallel to the first deformation fold axes (f 1 ) and to the axis of the trough [61]. These fractures were developed in the first episode of folding, both in the trough and Ikom-Mamfe basin [62].…”

Section: Joints/fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fracture Orientation Significance in the Study of Pb-Zn Mineralization of Lower Benue Trough, Abakaliki Se Nigeria

Obarezi

Oden

Ephraim

2022

JGEESI

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The Lower Benue Trough, in South-eastern Nigeria, hosts several lead-zinc deposits. The mineralization is frequently hosted by Cretaceous black shales that appear to have undergone low grade metamorphism, and subordinate sandstones. Most parts of the deposits have been epigenetically formed, and occur as blocky shaped, discordant veins, fracture, and possibly open-space fillings, of hydrothermal origin. For this reason, structural evaluation constitutes an important criterion for the investigation of the mineralization. In particular, the orientation of fractures occurring at the Pb-Zn deposits can be useful in the differentiation of the relative ages of the mineral vein deposits. A total of one thousand, one hundred and forty-seven fractures around mineralized zones, at the study localities, were measured and analysed. Results indicate that the vein deposits are structurally controlled, have four main orientations, and most likely formed by crack-seal process. The most prominent fracture sets show NW-SE, NNE-SSW to N-S orientations, while the less prominent ones are displayed in the NE-SW and ESE-WNW directions. The NW-SE, NNE-SSW to N-S fracture sets is interpreted as ‘ac’ extension fractures from two different deformation episodes that affected the trough, while the NE-SW, ESE-WNW to E-W sets is the two ‘bc’ tensile fractures, respectively parallel to the axes of F1 and F2 folds which occur in the trough. Small variations of the NNE-SSW and ESE-WNW brought about the occurrences of N-S and E-W sets respectively. Indication are that the two deformation episodes affected the trough: the first episode produce the NE-SW (F1) fold axes, while the second less intensity episode produce the ESE-WNW (F2) folds. The most dominant mineral vein trends in the study area are the NW-SE and NNE-SSW to N-S orientations, in which mineral veins are loaded in the ‘ac’ extension fractures. The less dominant mineral vein trends are the NE-SW and ESE-WNW orientations, which are in the ‘bc’ tensile fractures. At the NW-SE trend, vein minerals mainly occur along 150-160o from N, although it ranges from 135-175o from N. Vein width up to 7.0m can be obtained from both the NW-SE and NNE-SSW directions. The Lower Cretaceous sediments appear to be characterized by the NW-SE (major) and NE-SW (minor) sets of veins, while the upper Cretaceous sequence is most likely characterized by the NNE-SSW (major) and ESE-WNW (minor) vein sets. The widest Pb-Zn vein in the study area is 11.5m wide, located in the Enyigba axes sub-area and trends in the NE-SW direction with evidence of slickensides which indicates faulting.

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Section: Joints/fracturessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Joints/fracturessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Joints/fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fracture Orientation Significance in the Study of Pb-Zn Mineralization of Lower Benue Trough, Abakaliki Se Nigeria

Obarezi

Oden

Ephraim

2022

JGEESI

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“…The Mamfe Sedimentary Basin in the SW region of Cameroon is also known Mamfe embayment, Ikom-Mamfe embayment, Mamfe Gulf, or Mamfe Rift. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] It is a small intra-continental basin that forms an arm of the Benue Trough of Nigeria (Figure 1) extending into Cameroon. 14 The basin is part of the West and Central African Rift System (WCARS) that is intimately associated with the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean and the formation of the Gulf of Guinea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the geology of mamfe sedimentary basin, SW Cameroon, Central Africa

Ndip¹,

Cm²,

Nton³

et al. 2018

jogps

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This paper presents a review of the tectonic evolution, stratigraphy, paleontology, hydrogeological aspects and economic geology of the Mamfe basin. The main structures are basement -involved and detached fault and simple symmetrical fold with NE-SW trend. The basin measures 130 km in length and the widest part is about 60 km and a maximum area of 3200 km 2 . The maximum sediment thickness is estimated at 4-7 km and the sedimentary infill includes a lower alluvial fans to fluvial basal conglomerate and conglomeratic sandstone, a middle alternating (cyclic) aqueous to anoxic deep lake bottom black shale and limestone unit and an upper fluvial to transitional deltaic nearshore conglomeratic sandstone unit. The Ostracod fauna from the shale are very similar to the coeval fauna from adjacent Benue trough. The reported fauna have no biostratigraphic significance because of their uncertain age, low diversity, and cosmopolitan distribution during the early Cretaceous. Over 30 salt springs exist across the Mamfe basin with the most concentrated yielding 79 g/L of high quality halite. Several mineral indices (including diamond) have been identify and the geological condition favour the occurrences of hydrocarbon.

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“…The potential trends of ores in Finland were analyzed using lineament data 20 . The prominent orientations of 206 fracture lineaments in the Ikom-Mamfe Basin of Nigeria were analyzed, and sphalerite, pyrite, and amethyst were found in the vein lineament 21 . Regions with high fractal dimensions represent zones with high probabilities of having well-connected faults and fluid pathways 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Spatial Distribution and Characteristics of Lineaments Using Fractal and Multifractal Models: A Case Study from Northeastern Yunnan Province, China

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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This study describes the fractal dimensions of the spatial distributions of lineaments as an index of the complexity of faults, and the results could provide new insights into the migration of ore-bearing fluid. The Segment Tracing Algorithm method is employed to extract the lineaments in northeast Yunnan Province from a remote sensing image. Box-counting fractal and multifractal models are used to analyze the fractal and multifractal spatial distribution characteristics of the linear structures. The different directions of the linear structure fractal dimensions are similar in the study area. The fractal dimensions of all lineaments, northeast trending lineaments and northwest trending lineaments are 1.98, 1.94 and 1.95, respectively. The dimensions of four large ore deposit fields, Kuangshanchang, Qilinchang, Maozu, and Lemachang, are 1.93, 1.92, 1.95, and 1.93, respectively. The fractal dimensions of these four fields are greater than those of the South China lineaments. The super-large and large ore deposits are consistent with fractal dimensions with high values. The scale index and the singular index show nonlinear relationships with any real number, and the fractal dimension spectrum has a unimodal curve. This study provides a useful reference for deposit exploration in areas with topographies similar to that in northeastern Yunnan.

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The Ikom-Mamfe basin, Nigeria: A study of fracture and mineral vein lineament trends and Cretaceous deformations

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Fracture Orientation Significance in the Study of Pb-Zn Mineralization of Lower Benue Trough, Abakaliki Se Nigeria

Fracture Orientation Significance in the Study of Pb-Zn Mineralization of Lower Benue Trough, Abakaliki Se Nigeria

Review of the geology of mamfe sedimentary basin, SW Cameroon, Central Africa

Mapping the Spatial Distribution and Characteristics of Lineaments Using Fractal and Multifractal Models: A Case Study from Northeastern Yunnan Province, China

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