The IL4-VNTR P1 Allele, IL4-VNTR P2P2 Genotype, and IL4-VNTR_IL6-174CG P2P1-GG Genotype Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Brucellosis

Abstract

SUMMARY:In this study, associations between IL-4, IL-6, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF ) polymorphisms and susceptibility to brucellosis were investigated. Consecutive adult patients with no known treatment against brucellosis and who did not have any other autoimmune and/or chronic disorders, were included in this study (n ＝ 120, Group I). Age and sex-matched controls who had no other autoimmune and/or chronic disorders were also included (n ＝ 120, healthy volunteers, Group II). The IL4_P2P2 genotype, IL4_P1 allele, and IL4_variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)_IL6-174CG compound genotype were found to be more frequent in the patient group than in control subjects. There were significant differences between the patients and controls with respect to the frequencies of the IL4_P2P2 genotype (77.5z versus 87.5z; p ＝ 0.001; OR, 0.36; 95z confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.62) and the IL4_P1 allele (12.1z versus 6.7z; p ＝ 0.030; OR, 0.92; CI,

Human Genetic Variation Influences Enteric Fever Progression

“…In fact, there are not many studies on the association of VNTR IL-4 polymorphisms with other infectious diseases. We only acknowledge that some VNTR IL-4 polymorphisms could affect the host susceptibility to brucellosis which was caused by intracellular Brucella melitensis [99]. As far as we know, any VNTR polymorphism at IL-4 intron 3 is also associated with other immunological diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and knee osteoarthritis [98,100,101].…”

Molecular Genetic Study on VNTR-polymorphism of Two Cytokine Genes Antagonist of the Receptor of Interleukin 1 (rs2234663) and Interleukin 4 (rs8179190) Associated with Dental Caries in Children

“…Cytokine level can serve as a diagnostic parameter in the treatment of chronic and acute dental diseases. VNTR IL4 was found to be significantly associated with periodontitis [22,23], brucellosis [21], and other diseases, indicating the role of this cytokine in the immunomodulation of the immune response to the infectious agents studied. Our results suggested an association of VNTR IL4 with high carious lesion activity.…”

“…The P1 allele induces higher expression of the gene IL4 than the P2 allele, considering that the P2/P2 genotype was associated with a lower concentration of IL-4 [20]. The relationship of VNTR polymorphism of IL4 was studied with immune and autoimmune diseases and also with the diseases of the oral cavity (periodontitis and recurrent aphthous stomatitis) [20][21][22][23][24].…”

The role of IL-6 gene (-174 C/G) polymorphism in patients with acute brucellosis

“…Також автори зробили висновок, що поліморфізми гену IL-6 можуть впливати на сприйнятливість до бруцельозу та розглядатися як генетичний фактор ризику розвитку фульмінантної форми хвороби. Подібні результати отримали Ilkay Karaoglan et al, 2009, а саме генотип GC IL-6 (-174) може бути фактором ризику розвитку вогнищевих ускладнень бруцельозу, тоді як генотип GG може бути захисним чинником проти даної інфекції [14].…”