“…Introduced and applied by this research team to the evaluation of alcohol-related traffic laws (Tippetts et al, 2005; Voas et al, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2007), the CIR can be defined as the ratio of the percentage of drivers showing some trait of interest (e.g., females) among all drivers in a specific subgroup (e.g., in a certain year) compared to the percentage who do not have the trait of interest (i.e., male drivers) in the same subgroup (year). Voas et al (2007) showed that, when compared against a certain benchmark (i.e., the year 1982), the CIR becomes identical to the quasi-induced exposure technique known as the relative accident involvement ratio (RAIR) (Aldridge et al, 1999; Stamatiadis and Deacon, 1995; Stamatiadis et al, 1999).…”