The Illusion of Reality

Resnikoff, Howard L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3474-6

Cited by 109 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our networks carry out the sitilpt, role that discontinuities should be minimized-i.e., lines and curves should continue as straight (or with as much the same curvature) as possible. Similar assumptions underlie previous models (Ullman, 1976), and this notion is in accord with psychophysical findings that discontinuities contain more information than continuous segments (Attneave, 1954;Resnikoff, 1989). We are thus minimizing the amount of self-generated information.…”

Section: Construction Of the Modelsupporting

confidence: 83%

Object Discrimination Based on Depth-From-Occlusion

Finkel¹,

Sajda²

1991

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Construction Of the Modelsupporting

confidence: 83%

Object Discrimination Based on Depth-From-Occlusion

Finkel¹,

Sajda²

1991

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…More than half a century ago, Attneave (1954) proposed that local maxima of positive curvature and local minima of negative curvature are the most salient points along the contour. Subsequent mathematical work has substantiated Attneave's intuition by explaining its geometric basis (e.g., Koenderink, 1984) and by proving that curvature extrema are indeed more informative in the sense of information theory (Feldman & Singh, 2005;Resnikoff, 1989). The empirical support, however, was less strong so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, we pre sent a thorough analysis of perceptual saliency, using several tools to obtain meaningful aggregated values from the huge Attneave's (1954) hypothesis has not only triggered empirical research; it has also inspired more theoretical work in at least two different directions. First, Resnikoff (1989) has formalized the notion of information using classic measures from information theory, and he has provided mathematical proof of the information concentration in curvature extrema. More recently, Feldman and Singh (2005) proposed an alternative quantification scheme.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual saliency of points along the contour of everyday objects: A large-scale study

Winter

Wagemans

2008

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been a well-known fact since the early days of vision science (e.g., Alhazen, ca. A.D. 1030; see Sabra, 1989) that not all points along an object's boundary contour are equally informative about that object's shape. Attneave (1954) was probably the first to explicitly formulate the hypothesis that curvature extrema (i.e., points along the contour where curvature reaches a local maximum) are most informative about shape. He used two demonstrations to support this hypothesis. In one demonstration, he asked subjects to mark salient points along the contour of a random shape and he showed that the frequency plots were centered on the curvature extrema (see Figure 1A). In a second demonstration that has become known as Attneave's sleeping cat he created a version of a line drawing of his sleeping cat by connecting the curvature extrema by straight lines and he showed that this straight-line version was still easy to recognize. Kennedy and Domander (1985), however, questioned Attneave's (1954) hypothesis that points of maximum curvature are most informative for shape recognition. In three experiments, with a small number of fragmented contour stimuli depicting manmade objects, they showed that identification of these stimuli was better when fragments were placed midway between extrema, and best when fragments were placed midway between midpoints and extrema. Kennedy and Domander concluded that the shapes of objects are best represented by samples of the contour that are selected to be evenly distributed, even if this means eliminating all of the points where curvature changes direction maximally (i.e., curvature extrema).In a more recent study, with 12 silhouette stimuli derived from the shadows cast by sweet potatoes, Norman, Phillips, and Ross (2001) attempted to replicate Attneave's (1954) first demonstration more closely. Their results supported Attneave's hypothesis. More specifically, 12 subjects were asked to "copy" the silhouettes by positioning 10 points until the dotted contour version resembled the original silhouette version as closely as possible. The frequency plots (see Figure 1B) looked very similar to the one from Attneave's study (see Figure 1A). In addition, by doing a curvature analysis, they were able to derive the strongest curvature extrema, positive maxima, as well as negative minima (indicated by closed and open circles, respectively; see Figure 1C). By superimposing the points selected by at least half of the observers (indicated by arrows; see also Figure 1C), they then showed that the most informative points were almost always very close to the curvature extrema. Norman et al. (2001) attributed the discrepancy between their results and those of Kennedy and Domander (1985) to stimulus and task differences. Kennedy and Domander had used fragmented contour stimuli depicting manmade objects (a window, a box, a stove, an electric clothes dryer, etc.), consisting mainly of rectangular surfaces bordered by straight edges; the only "curved" parts were sharp corners where the straight edges i...

show abstract

“…The psychophysics response function can be derived from the axioms of information theory (Resnikoff 1987). In this context, the only possibilities for φ are:…”

Section: Weber's Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given a measure µ on C and two measurable subsets C 2 ⊂ C 1 of C, the information gain from C 2 with respect to C 1 is defined by (Resnikoff 1987)…”

Section: Quantization and Information Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%