The illusion of superiority: the Dunning‐Kruger effect and COVID‐19

Isaacs, David

doi:10.1111/jpc.15693

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Many American citizens rebelled against safety recommendations, acting as if they are more confident in their personal understanding of public health than that of physicians and scientists. In a study of over 2400 members of the public, those who knew less about COVID-19 were more likely to have sourced their information from mass media and social networks (Isaacs, 2022 ). Those who discredit COVID-19 safety precautions are not convinced through repeated presentation of evidence-based rationale; the DKE is cited as a reason for relevant anti-vaccination discreditation of medical evidence (Pullman & Dey, 2021 ).…”

Section: Dunning–kruger Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overconfidence in Managing Health Concerns: The Dunning–Kruger Effect and Health Literacy

Canady

Larzo

2022

J Clin Psychol Med Settings

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Health literacy is often low within the general population. The Dunning–Kruger effect (DKE) suggests that individuals may experience a cognitive bias in which they overestimate their own knowledge base. This study examines the DKE regarding health literacy and health behaviors. A community sample ( n = 504) completed questionnaires measuring objective health literacy, confidence in health knowledge, and health behaviors and medical conditions. Results support the presence of a DKE for health literacy; individuals with low health literacy reported equal or greater confidence in health knowledge than individuals with higher health literacy. Individuals with lower health literacy reported more problematic engagement in health behaviors. Low health literacy can impact engagement in health behavior and effect health outcomes, but individuals may not realize this deficit. Implications for clinical intervention include the need to address cognitive bias and enhance motivation to participate in health literacy interventions.

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Section: Dunning–kruger Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overconfidence in Managing Health Concerns: The Dunning–Kruger Effect and Health Literacy

Canady

Larzo

2022

J Clin Psychol Med Settings

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“…People who do not effectively self-monitor are more likely to be very confident in their inaccurate judgments, i.e. unskilled in a given field and/or unaware of a certain phenomenon (Ehrlinger et al , 2008; Ghazal et al , 2014; Isaacs, 2022). The Dunning–Kruger effect has been extensively researched in a wide variety of disciplines such as education (Jansen et al , 2021); finance (Mazor and Fleming, 2021); business and management (Nam, 2021); tourism and hospitality (Boz and Koc, 2021) and medicine (Bradley et al , 2022).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problem-solving abilities of managers: inflated self-efficacy beliefs

Koç

Yürür

Özşahin

2022

JHTI

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PurposeThis study compared the results of self-report and ability-based tests of problem-solving abilities of 144 hospitality managers working at hotels and restaurants through an online survey. In the first stage of the study, the managers were asked to fill in the self-report problem-solving ability scale by Tesone et al. (2010). In the second stage of the study, the managers were asked to respond to questions in a case-study-based problem-solving test.Design/methodology/approachProblem-solving is a key aspect of business process management. This study aims to investigate and compare hospitality managers' actual and claimed (self-report) problem-solving abilities. A lack of unawareness of the actual level of skills may be an important problem as managers who tend to have inflated self-efficacy beliefs are less likely to allocate resources, e.g. time, money and effort, to develop a particular skill or ability they lack. They are also more likely to take risks regarding that skill or ability.FindingsThe results of the study showed that there was a major difference between the results of the self-report test and the actual test. This meant that the managers who participated in the study had inflated self-efficacy beliefs regarding their problem-solving abilities, i.e. they operated under the influence of the Dunning–Kruger effect. The study showed that self-report tests that are commonly used in businesses in recruitment and promotion may not provide a correct level of people's abilities. In general, managers who have inflated self-efficacy beliefs are less likely to be interested in developing a particular skill due to the overconfidence arising from their inflated self-efficacy beliefs. The study showed that managers were less likely to allocate resources, e.g. time, money and effort, to develop a particular skill they lack and are more likely to take risks regarding that particular skill.Practical implicationsManagers in the hospitality industry appear to lack problem solving-abilities. While the hospitality managers assigned high marks for their problem-solving abilities in a self-report problem-solving scale and appeared to be performing significantly good overall in problem-solving, they performed poorly in an actual problem solving exercise. It is recommended that businesses rather than depending on self-report problem-solving scales, they should resort to ability-based scales or exercises that actually measure managers' problem-solving abilities. Also, as managers who had formal tourism and hospitality education performed poorly, tourism and hospitality programme managers at universities are recommend to review their syllabi and curriculum so as to help support their graduates' problem-solving abilities.Originality/valueThe study is original as no previous study compared managers' problem-solving abilities by using self-report and ability-based tests. The study has implications for researchers in terms of developing knowledge, ability and skill-based scales in the future. The study has also significant practical implications for the practitioners.

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“…The College had to revise their plan because trainees who were told they were average or satisfactory could not cope with this information and became anxious and depressed. While we know that humans habitually over‐estimate their capabilities, a phenomenon known as the Dunning‐Kruger effect after the psychologists who described it, 1 most trainee paediatricians were always well above average at school and never had to confront the reality that their trainee peers might be equally intelligent, hard‐working and empathic. The lesson for those in the RCPCH doing the feedback was that what trainees wanted to know was not how they were doing compared with their high‐achieving peers.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%