The Imbalance among Oxidative Biomarkers and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Winiwarter-Buerger Disease)

Abstract

(1) Background: Thromboangiitis obliterans or Winiwarter-Buerger disease (WBD), is an inflammatory, thrombotic occlusive, peripheral vascular disease, usually occurring in young smokers. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease are not clearly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants occurring in these patients. (2) Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 22 male patients with WBD and 20 healthy male smoking habit matched control group were included. To evaluate the possible sources of oxidative stress, the antioxidant biomarkers, and the markers of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, serum samples were analyzed for total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), myeloperoxidase (MPO), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) activity and/or content. (3) Results: The circulating levels of TOS, TAC, and CoQ10 were significantly higher in WBD patients, with respect to healthy smokers as controls. No significant difference was found among the serum level of PC, total cholesterol, MPO, and GR activity in WBD patients and healthy smoker controls. The activity of SOD and the mean serum level of MDA were significantly lower in WBD patients, with respect to healthy smoker controls. (4) Conclusion: Considerably high levels of oxidative stress were detected in WBD patients, which were greater than the antioxidant capacity. The low level of MDA may be associated with the enzymatic degradation of lipid peroxidation products. High levels of CoQ10 and low levels of SOD may be related to a harmful oxidative cooperation, leading to the vasoconstriction of WBD, representing a promising tool to discern possible different clinical risks of this poorly understood peripheral occlusive disease.

Nephroprotective Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine Nitrone TBN in Diabetic Kidney Disease

“…Oxidative damage includes lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. MDA is the stable metabolite of lipid peroxidation and has been extensively measured as an indicator for oxidative damage ( Sharebiani et al, 2020 ). 8-OHdG is known to be a sensitive biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in urine and leukocytes ( Liu et al, 2020 ).…”

Recent Updates and Advances in Winiwarter-Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans): Biomolecular Mechanisms, Diagnostics and Clinical Consequences

“…No significant difference between PC, GR, and MPO levels has been demonstrated in TAO vs. controls [35]. However, a higher level of PC has been reported in both atherosclerosis and SLE [49,50].…”

“…Recently, a significantly lower level of MDA and SOD has been reported in TAO patients compared to smoker controls [35]. Notably, a higher level of MDA and SOD has been reported in atherosclerosis [33].…”

“…A low serum level of NO metabolites in TAO has been reported compared to smoking controls, which might be one reason for high oxidative stress in TAO. Nevertheless, it is not well defined if the low NO level is responsible for high oxidative stress in TAO or secondary to high oxidative stress [35]. Moreover, it has been reported that polymorphisms in the promoter region of nitric oxide synthase correlate with major amputation in TAO patients [36].…”

Secondary Infertility: A Neglected Aspect of Buerger’s Disease

“…Notably, thrombogenicity and high oxidative stress, independent from smoking, has been demonstrated in BD patients [19,20]. Interestingly, semen contains clotting and brinolysis factors which have a signi cant role in male reproductive physiology including the motility and function of sperms [21].…”