The Immobilization of the Badger ( Meles Meles )

Mackintosh, C.G.; MacArthur, Judy A.; Little, T.W.A.; Stuart, Patrick M.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(17)34537-2

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The boundaries remained stable, provided that the population remained undisturbed [9,10]. Badgers within these groups were cage-trapped, marked by tattoo and ear-tags, weighed (kg), condition scored (1 to 4, 'poor' to 'very good') and clinically sampled, under ketamine anaesthesia, every 3 months as previously described [8,9,11,12]. Evidence of bite wounds was noted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium bovis in the European badger (Meles meles): epidemiological findings in tuberculous badgers from a naturally infected population

1993

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SUMMARYThis study investigates the course of tuberculosis in a naturally infected badger population, its impact on the population and the risk of spread to other species in the light of capture data and post-mortem findings from 47 tuberculous badgers, stratified by age group and sex, accrued since 1975. The findings are compared with those for 260 badgers from the same population in whom no evidence of infection was detected. Detailed estimates of seasonal variations in bodyweight for uninfected male and female cub, yearling and adult badgers are presented and compared to the weights at post-mortem examination of the tuberculous badgers, in whom poor condition and weight loss were the principal presenting signs. Lesions were seen especially in the lungs and associated lymph nodes, and in the kidneys. Organisms were detected intermittently in faeces, urine, sputum and discharging bite wounds. Infected animals could survive for nearly 2 years and produce cubs successfully.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium bovis in the European badger (Meles meles): epidemiological findings in tuberculous badgers from a naturally infected population

1993

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“…On arrival and at intervals of a month or less, badgers were clinically examined under ketamine anaesthesia (Mackintosh et al 1976). They were weighed, and samples of urine, faeces (using a 'Microlax' enema, Smith, Kline & French Labs.…”

Section: Clinical Examination Sampling and Bacteriologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of badgers (Meles meles) withMycobacterium bovis

Pritchard¹,

Stuart²,

Brewer³

et al. 1987

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe intradermal inoculation of four badgers with small numbers of Mycobacterium bovis resulted in localized lesions with ulceration which slowly healed by 5 months after inoculation. Lesions of generalized tuberculosis were seen in three badgers, one of which died at 17 months post-inoculation and in the remaining two killed 22 months post-inoculation. In the fourth badger lesions were confined to the draining lymph node of the inoculation site but M. bovis was isolated from the liver. Monthly clinical sampling of faeces, urine, tracheal aspirate and inoculation site exudates detected only the excretion of M. bovis from the inoculation site of one badger. There were marked seasonal variations in body weight but significant weight loss was observed during the second year in all four badgers, particularly prior to death. Four badgers inoculated intratracheally with a similar inoculum of M. bovis and another two control badgers showed no evidence of infection with M. bovis.

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“…The badgers were sampled at monthly intervals under ketamine anaesthesia (Mackintosh et al 1976). Blood samples were collected aseptically from the jugular vein into two glass universal containers, and defibrinated by shaking with glass beads for use in LTT and ELISA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunological consequences of challenge with bovine tubercle bacilli in badgers (Meles meles)

et al. 1987

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SUMMARYOptimal conditions were determined for performing antibody measurements (ELISA), lymphocyte transformation tests and, to some extent, skin tests in badgers. These parameters, together with the bacteriological and pathological studies reported previously (Pritchard et al. 1987), were used to follow the course of intradermal and intratracheal challenge of badgers with bovine tubercle bacilli. Two challenge doses were used for each route of infection and two animals received each dose. None of the four animals challenged by the intratracheal method showed any evidence of infection, suggesting that adult badgers may have some resistance to challenge by this method. All four animals challenged intradermally developed lesion of tuberculosis.Immunologically the disease passed through three phases. There was an early phase in which lymphocyte transformation to whole BCG steadily and significantly increased, and skin tests to tuberculin became positive but there was little change in antibody levels. This was followed by an intermediate phase of variable skin responses, fluctuating lymphocyte transformation and significant increase in antibody levels. The final phase, which was only seen in two animals with extensive disease, was associated with changing skin reactions and falling lymphocyte responses, together with a sudden increase in antibody levels.This paper presents the first formal evidence of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis in the badger, which may delay onset and prolong the survival of challenged animals.

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The Immobilization of the Badger ( Meles Meles )

Cited by 38 publications

References 5 publications

Mycobacterium bovis in the European badger (Meles meles): epidemiological findings in tuberculous badgers from a naturally infected population

Mycobacterium bovis in the European badger (Meles meles): epidemiological findings in tuberculous badgers from a naturally infected population

Experimental infection of badgers (Meles meles) withMycobacterium bovis

The immunological consequences of challenge with bovine tubercle bacilli in badgers (Meles meles)

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