The immune adjuvant effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on in ovo injection of Newcastle disease vaccine

Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND), a highly contagious viral infection, can be transmitted between various bird species, is characterized as high mortality and morbidity and accounted for a great loss in poultry industries worldwide; therefore, the OIE-World Organization for Animal Health has classified it as a notifiable disease (Kristina et al., 2012). To date, tremendous efforts have been put into the investigation on curative treatments including oral administration, eye drop, course spray, intranasal instillation and muscle injection (Meulemans, 1988); nevertheless, the poor efficacies of these therapies lead to ineffective prevention and ND outbreaks. Increasing studies revealed that early protection is a critical process toward successful control of ND transmission (Sharma & Burmester, 1982). In ovo technology was invented and became available for vaccine delivery about 46 years ago (Ricks, Avakian, Bryan, Gildersleeve, & Williams, 1999). In ovo vaccination was used by many modern large scale poultry units as it excelled in inducing early immunity (Sharma & Burmester, 1982). Now, in ovo vaccination is a common practice used for the protection against Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease in the United States (Giambrone,

Astragalus polysaccharide alleviates alveolar bone destruction by regulating local osteoclastogenesis during periodontitis

“…Astragalus polysaccharide significantly downregulated Foxp3+ Treg levels, which correlates with the results of the former studies (Zheng et al, 2020). Previous reports confirmed that astragalus polysaccharide was engaged in the proliferation and polarization of CD4+T cells, thereafter affecting the T cell-mediated immunity (Xue et al, 2020). This effect could be result from Foxp3 suppression.…”

Effect of in ovo administration of Newcastle disease vaccine conjugated with Astragalus polysaccharide on growth performance, intestinal development, and mucosal immunity in broiler chickens

“…Recently, a number of polysaccharides extracted from Chinese medicines have been exploited as adjuvants to boost the efficacies of vaccines (Aygun, 2016; Saki & Salary, 2015). Our previous study revealed that the efficacies of APS as an NDV adjuvant were significantly improved on the humoral and cellular immune responses in chicks via in ovo vaccination (Xue et al, 2020.). Similar to oral treatment, the APS adjuvant was injected into chick embryos at the late stage and entered the embryo's digestive track, where it was assimilated by the chick embryo fed on the amniotic fluid (Uni & Ferket, 2014).…”

Extension of Drosophila Lifespan by Astragalus polysaccharide through a Mechanism Dependent on Antioxidant and Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling

“…Previous studies have shown that APS relieves reproductive toxicity in phenobarbital-treated epileptic rats by regulating the reproductive hormones [ 26 ]. Administration of live Newcastle disease vaccine with APS in ovo significantly improved the development of chicks and enhanced hatchability and gaining weight [ 27 ]. Thus, APS can prolong the lifespan and enhance hatchability and reproduction in Drosophila .…”