The immune factors have complex causal regulation effects on inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough a correlation between immune cell phenotypes and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been established, a causal relationship remains unestablished.MethodsTo assess causal associations between immune cell phenotypes and IBD and its subtypes, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) methods and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics. The primary outcomes were determined based on the inverse variance weighting (IVW) results, with the assessment of heterogeneity and pleiotropy conducted through Cochrane’s Q-test and MR-Egger. The stability of the MR results was then examined using leave-one-out analysis, and false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to evaluate the strength of the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. Furthermore, to identify immunophenotypes strongly associated with IBD, a meta-integration of the effect values of all positive results in both datasets was conducted.ResultsThe analysis of 731 immune cell phenotypes and IBD using MR techniques revealed potential causal associations between 26 phenotypes and IBD. Subsequent meta-integration of the two datasets provided evidence of solid causal associations between 20 immune phenotypes and IBD and its subtypes. Nominal causal associations were also identified in the remaining six immune phenotypes and IBD and its subtypes.ConclusionOur study confirms causal solid associations between 20 immune phenotypes and IBD, thus guiding future clinical studies.

Fast-Responsive HClO-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for In Vivo Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ex Vivo Optical Fecal Analysis

“…Despite great progress being made, most of these fluorescent probes suffer from low sensitivity, slow response time, and poor uptake by inflammatory cells. Moreover, recent investigations have also shown that intestinal damage in patients with IBD will lead to the enrichment of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils in the intestine, which are involved in regulating the immune response. − During this process, a large amount of hypochloric acid (HClO) would be produced under the catalysis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in macrophages and neutrophils, accompanied by high levels of fecal calprotectin and HClO observed in the stool. , Therefore, real-time monitoring of HClO levels in the stool may be also a feasible and practical method for the early diagnosis of IBD. Nevertheless, fluorescent probes suitable for ex vivo optical fecal analysis are still elusive.…”