The immune response of bovine mammary epithelial cells to live or heat-inactivated Mycoplasma bovis

Zbinden, Chantal; Pilo, Paola; Frey, Joachim; Bruckmaier, Rupert M.; Wellnitz, Olga

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.007

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These techniques allow the simultaneous study of many targets (23 genes in (Magiri et al, 2016)) in a same experiment contrary to older experimental approach like ELISA for instance. Thereby, it was not possible to indicate all the interleukins assessed in the paper title and authors preferred to relate their study as “interleukin expression” (Deplanche et al, 2016), “response of immune response genes” (Magiri et al, 2016) or “immune response” (Zbinden et al, 2015). It is difficult to accurately assess the impact of this bias as the missed papers are by nature hidden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukins and large domestic animals, a bibliometric analysis

Moreau

Meurens

2017

Heliyon

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Interleukins have been well described in mice and humans. In large domestic animals the situation is drastically different and there is still a need for further researches aiming at identifying all the homologous interleukins and comparing their functions among species. We performed here a bibliometric analysis of all interleukins described in the literature in various large animal species to identify what is known so far and to underline where there is a need for new studies. Using indicators such as H index but also M quotient, A index, G index, GH ratio, and HG index we ranked 39 interleukins identified so far in bovine, caprine, equine, ovine, and porcine, the main large domestic animals. Indexes and ratio under investigations were higher for IL1, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12, and IL18 than for other interleukins, particularly in bovine and porcine species and to a certain extent in equine species. Recently discovered interleukins presented low values for the different indexes, quotient, and ratio. Even some “old” interleukins showed low values highlighting the need for further developments in comparative immunology. For instance an interleukin such as IL4 demonstrated variation in its functions between species. In conclusion, this study provides the first bibliometric analysis dedicated to large domestic animal interleukins and underlines the need for more studies to fully determine the structure and the functions of interleukins in other mammal species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukins and large domestic animals, a bibliometric analysis

Moreau

Meurens

2017

Heliyon

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“…PECT cells were prepared from bovine fetuses from a local abattoir (Schweizer and Peterhans, 1999 ; Bürki et al, 2015b ). Primary cultures of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (bMec) were prepared from mammary gland tissues of cows directly after slaughter (Wellnitz and Kerr, 2004 ; Zbinden et al, 2015 ). MDBK and PECT cells were grown in minimal essential medium (MEM)-Earle medium supplemented with 2.2 g/L NaHCO 3 (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany) and 7% fetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Reinach, Switzerland), 1X penicillin-streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 1% L-glutamine (Biochrom).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Epithelial in vitro Infection Models for Mycoplasma bovis

Josi

Bürki

Stojiljković

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Mycoplasma bovis causes bovine mycoplasmosis. The major clinical manifestations are pneumonia and mastitis. Recently an increase in the severity of mastitis cases was reported in Switzerland. At the molecular level, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenicity of M. bovis. Host–pathogen interactions were primarily studied using primary bovine blood cells. Therefore, little is known about the impact of M. bovis on other cell types present in infected tissues. Clear in vitro phenotypes linked to the virulence of M. bovis strains or tissue predilection of specific M. bovis strains have not yet been described. We adapted bovine in vitro systems to investigate infection of epithelial cells with M. bovis using a cell line (MDBK: Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells) and two primary cells (PECT: bovine embryonic turbinate cells and bMec: bovine mammary gland epithelial cells). Two strains isolated before and after the emergence of severe mastitis cases were selected. Strain JF4278 isolated from a cow with mastitis and pneumonia in 2008 and strain L22/93 isolated in 1993 were used to assess the virulence of M. bovis genotypes toward epithelial cells with particular emphasis on mammary gland cells. Our findings indicate that M. bovis is able to adhere to and invade different epithelial cell types. Higher titers of JF4278 than L22/93 were observed in co-cultures with cells. The differences in titers reached between the two strains was more prominent for bMec cells than for MDBK and PECT cells. Moreover, M. bovis strain L22/93 induced apoptosis in MDBK cells and cytotoxicity in PECT cells but not in bMec cells. Dose-dependent variations in proliferation of primary epithelial cells were observed after M. bovis infection. Nevertheless, an indisputable phenotype that could be related to the increased virulence toward mammary gland cells is not obvious.

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“…The ability of M. bovis to invade and persist intracellularly, suggests that balanced Th-1/Th-2 response may be a better choice [70,71]. Numerous research groups have focused recently on studying the interaction of M. bovis and its bovine host [13,[18][19][20][21][23][24][25][26][27]. A strong push from the industry is needed to encourage funding organizations to invest more in such studies, as they are important for the understanding of how M. bovis modulates the host immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although M. bovis is predominantly an extracellular pathogen, there is in vivo and in vitro evidence that suggests the potential for the bacterium to enter host cells [18][19][20][21][22]. Intracellular M. bovis can survive inside cells [13,20,21]; modulate cytokine expression [13,[23][24][25][26] and apoptosis [13,20,27]; or directly play a role in pathogenesis [28]. Thus, because of the extra-and intracellular presence of M. bovis we believe that a vaccine that equally induces Th-1 and Th-2 responses would be more advantageous.…”

Section: The Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%