The immune response of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to Vibrio infection in relation with the moult cycle

Liu, Chun-Hung; Yeh, Su-Tuen; Cheng, Sha-Yen; Chen, Jiann-Chu

doi:10.1016/s1050-4648(03)00058-5

Cited by 102 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Lee and Shiau (2002) first reported that intracellular superoxide anion production of the haemocytes in P. monodon fed diets containing ascorbate supplements was approximately higher than that of shrimp fed un-supplemented diets. L. vannamei exposed to high ammonia levels stimulated the total production of superoxide anion and decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase (Liu et al 2004). Respiratory burst activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed glucan and a commercial probiotic-incorporated diets was significantly higher than that of the control group (Prakash and Murthy 2007).…”

Section: Effect Of Nucleotide On Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could be partly attributed to the lower rearing temperature (Yang et al 2004). Circulating haemocytes of L. vannamei displayed higher THC activities at the C stage and the lowest at the A stage (Liu et al 2004). The haemoglobin content in the blood and oxygen consumption increases when fishes are under stress.…”

Section: Effect Of Nucleotide On Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of nucleotide on growth, immune responses and resistance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) to Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) and Aeromonas hydrophila infection

et al. 2011

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A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary nucleotide on growth, survival, immunity and resistance to white muscle disease and Aeromonas hydrophila infection in freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). The nucleotide was supplemented at 0, 1.5, 2.25 and 3.0 g/kg diet. The test diets were fed for 60 days in triplicate groups of prawns, which had initial weight of 0.27 g. At the end of the feeding trial, growth was recorded and non-specific immune parameters, such as, prophenol oxidase activity, superoxide anion production, total haemocyte count and total serum protein, were studied in haemolymph samples. Phenol oxidase activity and superoxide anion production were significantly (P \ 0.05) higher in prawns fed nucleotide-based diets. Total haemocyte count and haemolymph were higher (P \ 0.05) in prawns fed nucleotide-based diets. The relative per cent survival of prawn after the challenge test against white muscle disease was significantly (P \ 0.05) higher in prawn fed nucleotide-incorporated diets. However, there was no effect of nucleotide supplementation on growth and survival of prawn.

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Section: Effect Of Nucleotide On Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Nucleotide On Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nucleotide on growth, immune responses and resistance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) to Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) and Aeromonas hydrophila infection

et al. 2011

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“…The long larval cycle of phyllosomas accentuates difficulties associated with controlling disease. Phyllosoma, like most crustacean larvae, are particularly susceptible to microbial infection, especially during the molt process, prior to the new shell hardening and subsequently providing some protection against pathogen invasion (41,74). In addition, the culture environment tends to expose larvae to a variety of stresses that can compromise the larvae's immune system (70).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Diversity within Early-Stage CulturedPanulirus ornatusPhyllosomas

Payne

Hall

Sly

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A thorough understanding of the microorganisms and pathogens associated with the larval stage of the tropical ornate rock lobster, Panulirus ornatus, is required to overcome disease outbreaks that currently block aquaculture attempts. This study used microscopy in addition to culture and molecularly based microbiological techniques to characterize the bacterial community associated with cultured, developmental stage PI to PII P. ornatus phyllosomas. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated colonization of phyllosomas by filamentous, rod-shaped, and coccus-shaped bacteria. A clone library constructed from dead phyllosomas sampled from the larval rearing tank on day 10 was dominated by Thiothrix-affiliated sequences (56% of clones). A comparable library from live phyllosomas also contained Thiothrix-affiliated sequences, though these only represented 19% of clones within the library. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed identification of the filamentous bacteria as Thiothrix sp., being present on dead phyllosomas. FISH also identified Leucothrix sp. and Vibrio sp., as well as a range of other rod-and coccus-shaped bacteria, colonizing both live and dead phyllosomas. The development of the microbial community associated with phyllosomas was monitored through a standard larval rearing run using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Vibrio sp.-affiliated bands dominated the profiles of live animals through the rearing period and dead phyllosomas sampled on selected days. The population of Vibrio sp. associated with phyllosomas was monitored with culture-based analysis on selective media and demonstrated to increase significantly on day 7, coinciding with the beginning of the larval molt. An isolated Vibrio harveyi strain demonstrated an identical 16S rRNA sequence with retrieved DGGE and clone library sequences. Colonization of phyllosomas with filamentous bacterial species potentially hinders the ability of the animals to molt and, combined with the added stress of the molt process, likely results in reduced immune function, allowing opportunistic pathogenic Vibrio sp. to cause larval mortalities.Market forces have demanded an increased research investment into the culture of the tropical ornate rock lobster, Panulirus ornatus (1). However, a number of constraints, including an extended larval phase (34), a lack of suitable live and artificial feeds, and disease (5, 58, 73) have prevented the establishment of this aquaculture industry. During larval development, P. ornatus typically undergoes 20 or more molts over the extended larval period of approximately 160 days (33). This period is far greater than that of other commonly cultured crustaceans such as penaeid prawns, which typically undergo 12 molts over approximately 15 days before reaching postlarval stages (30). The long larval cycle of phyllosomas accentuates difficulties associated with controlling disease. Phyllosoma, like most crustacean larvae, are particularly susceptible to microbial infection, especially during the molt process...

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“…Both semi-granular and granular cells carry out the functions of the proPO system [57]. Phenoloxidase is the terminal enzyme in the proPO activation system and is activated by lipopolysaccharides or peptidoglycans from bacteria and β-1, 3 glucan from fungi through the pattern recognition molecules [58] Phenoloxidase activity has been detected in many species of penaeid shrimp such as Sao Paulo shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis, yellow leg shrimp Fafantepenaeus californiensis, tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon, blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris and white shrimp L. vannamei [59][60][61][62][63]. The activation state of these cells and enzyme systems are often used as measures of non-specific immunostimulation.…”

Section: Immunostimulation Of Non-specific Defense Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%