The immune response to virus infections

Onions, David

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(83)90059-4

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…The LST is an important assay for evaluating the immunologic competence of animals and the specific immune response to different antigens [14]. In the present paper, the LST was used to investigate the CMI response following intramuscular vaccination of calves with rotavirus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of CMI and its defense role were demonstrated in a few viral infections [13][14][15]. For rotavirus infection, it has been demonstrated that optimal CMI as measured by LST with splenic lymphocytes correlates with the end of virus replication in the intestine and follows the termination of diarrhea in young infected mice [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific antirotaviral antibodies, mainly IgG~, present in the colostrum and milk of the vaccinated cows were shown responsible for that passive protection. On the other hand, cell mediated immunity (CMI) is considered important in the protection and recovery of certain viral infections [13][14][15]. The lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) which is a blastic transformation in response to the mitogens or antigens including the infectious agents is used as an in vitro correlate of CMI in animals and humans [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization and kinetics of in vitro bovine blood lymphocyte stimulation with bovine rotavirus

Archambault

Morin

Elazhary

et al. 1988

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Two groups of 3-month old calves were immunized intramuscularly with attenuated bovine rotavirus and boosted 21 and 42 days later. The first group of three calves were vaccinated with live virus emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and the second group was immunized with live virus suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Three other calves, serving as controls, were inoculated with PBS emulsified with IFA. The specific cell-mediated and antibody responses of the animals were studied. Preliminary analysis of in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation to bovine rotavirus determined optimal conditions as: 96 h culture period, 5 X 10(5) cells per culture in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% heat-inactivated bovine fetal serum and the use of inactivated virus in the cell culture at a concentration of 5 X 10(6) median tissue culture infective dose before inactivation. Specific blastic stimulation was observed on calves immunized with the rotavirus emulsified with IFA after the second and third vaccine inoculation with stimulation index values varying from 2.00 to 5.73. Serum neutralizing antibody titers of 1/25,600 were also induced in the same calves. Calves immunized with rotavirus-PBS suspension developed a mean antibody titer of 1/1,600, but showed no specific lymphocyte stimulation. No increase in specific immune responses was detected in the control animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization and kinetics of in vitro bovine blood lymphocyte stimulation with bovine rotavirus

Archambault

Morin

Elazhary

et al. 1988

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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“…Tolerance has been induced in young carp and rainbow trout by injection of mammalian thymus (T)dcpcndent antigens (Van Loon, Van Oosterom & Van Muiswinkel 1980;Manning, Grace & Secombes 1982), but not to T-independent antigens such as whole Gram-negative bacteria (Tatner & Home 1984). As viruses appear to be T-dependent antigens (Onions 1983), it is possible that high concentrations of IPNV indueed a state of toleranee (Bootland et al 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fry age and size effects on immersion immunization of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell, against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Scotland

Dobos

Stevenson

1990

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell, fry were divided into eight age groups of 1-8 weeks post-hatch (wph) and immunized by a single direet immersion in formalininactivated infectious pancreatic neerosis virus (IPNV). After a direet-immersion IPNV ehallenge given 4 weeks later, only fr>' immunized at 2, 3 and 6wph showed protection. The relative per cent survival 60 days after IPNV challenge was highest in 2 and 3 wph fry (45-50%) and deereased as fish increased in age or size. The same response was obtained one year later when four age groups of fry, from 1 to 4wph, were immunized with a different serotype and dose of IPNV. The 2 and 3wph fry had mean weights between 49 and 60mg at immunization. Killed vaccines administered by immersion have not previously been reported as inducing proteetion in salmonid fry of such low weights. Analysis of the growth of the fry suggests that proteetion against IPNV requires immunization in the eleutheroembryo phase, during the time of slow weight gain. This appears to be in direct contrast to the stage of ontogeny and weight growth rate required for successful immunization against the baeterial pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. Although immunization with two IPNV serotypes reduced mortalities from challenges with these same virus isolates, it did not prevent IPNV infection of fry in any age group.

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Die Abwehr — der Körper schlägt zurück

Scott¹

1990

Zellpiraten

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The immune response to virus infections

Cited by 6 publications

References 120 publications

Standardization and kinetics of in vitro bovine blood lymphocyte stimulation with bovine rotavirus

Standardization and kinetics of in vitro bovine blood lymphocyte stimulation with bovine rotavirus

Fry age and size effects on immersion immunization of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell, against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Die Abwehr — der Körper schlägt zurück

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