The immune status of the bovine uterus during the peripartum period

Singh, J; Murray, Richard D.; Mshelia, Gideon Dauda; Woldehiwet, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.003

Cited by 119 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The uterus is routinely contaminated with bacteria in the early postpartum period (Noakes et al 1991, Sheldon and Dobson 2004, Foldi et al 2006, Singh et al 2008. A high proportion of infected cows, irrespective of treatment, have a spontaneous resolution of endometritis at 4-6 weeks postpartum, whereas the remainder have persistent infection during the service period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the uterine influx of PMNs is the main element of the innate immune system involved in the resolution of infection, a rising count of these cells reflects the severity of local inflammation. In general, this defence system is activated in the presence of pathogen-associated molecules such as bacterial or viral LPS, DNA and lipids recognized by TLR-receptors (Herath et al 2006, Singh et al 2008, Sheldon et al 2009). Engagement of these receptors initiates a signalling inflammatory cascade, stimulating production of many mediators (cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the endometrium of repeat breeding cows with and without subclinical endometritis

Janowski¹,

Barański²,

Łukasik³

et al. 2013

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Information on the prevalence of subclinical endometritis and its mechanism in repeat breeding cows is very limited. The aims of this study were: a) to evaluate the incidence of this disorder with cytobrush cytology b) to analyze mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in endometrial biopsy samples collected from repeat breeding cows with and without subclinical endometritis.Two experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, 112 (12.4%) repeat breeding cows (inseminated at least 3 times and not pregnant) were selected out of 902 cows from 8 dairy herds. Cytobrush cytology was performed on these cows, using the threshold of 10% PMNs in uterine smears. The results showed that 45 out of the 112 cows (40.2%) were diagnosed as having subclinical endometritis. In experiment 2, uterine biopsy samples were taken from repeat breeding cows with subclinical endometritis (n = 10) and without this disorder (n = 10). Using reverse transcription-PCR, the mRNA expression of TNFα and iNOS was determined. A statistically significant increase in expression of both substances was measured in the group of cows with subclinical endometritis (p < 0.05).These results provide evidence for a high prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows as well as the involvement of TNFα and iNOS pathways in the regulation of this pathological condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the endometrium of repeat breeding cows with and without subclinical endometritis

Janowski¹,

Barański²,

Łukasik³

et al. 2013

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…This was most likely achieved due to an increase in circulating numbers of PMN, improved PMN function supporting the innate immune system (Kimura et al 2014) and possibly by induction of other cytokines as observed in humans (Xu et al 2000). As neutrophils play a primary role in the defence of the uterus against infection (Singh et al 2008), the increased numbers of PMN ready to move early to a site of infection, along with the increased ability to release MPO, might have improved the ability of the cows to ward off clinical disease (Kimura et al 2014). Our results are in contrast to those of the study by Ruiz et al (2017) who investigated 10 238 cows from 17 Mexican Holstein dairy herds and observed an increase in the incidence of metritis by 17.1% in the pegbovigrastim group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the incidence of acute puerperal metritis in primiparous cows by application of pegbovigrastim in a Holstein dairy herd

Freick¹,

Zenker²,

Passarge³

et al. 2018

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:In dairy cows, immunosuppression occurs frequently during the periparturient period and is characterised by transient neutropenia and impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophil function. As a consequence, postpartum cows are more susceptible to production-related diseases such as mastitis, retained foetal membranes and metritis. Recently, it has been shown that a double injection with recombinant bovine granulocyte colonystimulating factor covalently bound to polyethylene glycol (PEG rbG-CSF) increased polymorphonuclear neutrophil number and the exocytosis of myeloperoxidase by stimulating polymorphonuclear neutrophil, which also played a role in innate uterine immune defence. The aim of this randomised clinical study was to investigate the effects of two periparturient PEG rbG-CSF injections (IMR; Imrestor TM , Elanco Animal Health, Bad Homburg/Germany) on the incidence of acute puerperal metritis, number of antibiotic doses required for treatment of acute puerperal metritis as well as parameters of milking performance (i.e., milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, and somatic cell count on the first dairy herd improvement test day) in primiparous cows within a dairy herd with an elevated incidence of acute puerperal metritis. In total, 169 heavily pregnant heifers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (IMR: n = 82) who received 15 mg PEG rbG-CSF subcutaneously 10 ± 3 days before the anticipated calving date and within 24 hours after calving, or to the untreated control group (Co: n = 87). In total, data from 157 animals (IMR: n = 75, Co: n = 82) were analysed. Administration of PEG rbG-CSF reduced the incidence of acute puerperal metritis in primiparous cows significantly (IMR: 22.7%, Co: 43.9%, P = 0.003; relative reduction: 48.3%). Moreover, the number of antibiotic doses per calving required for treatment of acute puerperal metritis was significantly lower in the pegbovigastrim group (IMR: 0.32 ± 0.66, Co: 0.59 ± 0.75, P = 0.005). No significant differences regarding incidence of clinical mastitis, milk production or milk composition were observed. These results suggest that further research should be performed to identify herd-and animal-specific factors that can be predictors of the beneficial effects of pegbovigrastim in preventing uterine diseases.Keywords: cattle; postpartum; uterine diseases; prevention; bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF List of abbreviations APM = acute puerperal metritis, DIM = days in milk, G-CSF = granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, MPO = myeloperoxidase, PMN = polymorphonuclear neutrophilIn cattle, acute puerperal metritis (APM) occurs within 21 days post partum and is defined by an abnormally enlarged uterus, a fetid, watery, red-brown uterine discharge, a rectal temperature > 39.5 °C and signs of systemic illness (e.g., dullness and decreased milk yield) (Sheldon et al. 2006). The

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“…The innate immune system of the endometrium thus has an important role in the elimination of pathogens that invade the bovine uterus [4]. These PRRs have an important role in recognising pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) from bacterial and viral pathogens, leading to the activation of an innate immune response [5] [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Endometrial Cells Mount Innate Immune Response to the Intracellular Ligands CL097 and Poly(dA:dT) Indicating Roles against Uterine Viruses

Oguejiofor¹,

Cheng²,

Fouladi-Nashta³

et al. 2017

OJAS

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Uterine infection and endometritis cause infertility and economic losses in the cattle industry. The innate immune response of the endometrium is critical in the elimination of pathogenic organisms that invade the uterus in postpartum cows. This study investigated the response of bovine endometrium to synthetic intracellular ligands which activate innate immunity by stimulating similar receptors to those used to recognise the presence of some viruses. Mixed primary epithelial and stromal cell cultures were treated with 5 μg/ml of CL097 (a TLR7/8 ligand) or 2 μg/ml of poly(dA:dT) (a DNA analogue) for either 6 h or 24 h. Cellular responses were assessed by the mRNA expression of 18 immune-related genes and 3 endogenous reference genes by conventional PCR followed by qRT-PCR from four replicate experiments. Bovine endometrial cells expressed the cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) DDX58 (RIG-I), IFIH1 (MDA5) and LRRFIP1 which act as intracellular nucleic acid sensors. Neither ligand altered the expression of the extra-cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 or TLR8 whereas poly(dA:dT) treatment increased the expression of IFIH1 and DDX58.

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The immune status of the bovine uterus during the peripartum period

Cited by 119 publications

References 98 publications

Prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the endometrium of repeat breeding cows with and without subclinical endometritis

Prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the endometrium of repeat breeding cows with and without subclinical endometritis

Reducing the incidence of acute puerperal metritis in primiparous cows by application of pegbovigrastim in a Holstein dairy herd

Bovine Endometrial Cells Mount Innate Immune Response to the Intracellular Ligands CL097 and Poly(dA:dT) Indicating Roles against Uterine Viruses

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