The immune strategies of mosquito Aedes aegypti against microbial infection

Wang, Yanhong; Chang, Mengmeng; Wang, Xueli; Zheng, Aihua; Zou, Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.001

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…This evaluation should rely on not only acute toxicity tests, but also sublethal effects including sub-organismal and immunological responses that can be altered by different natural and chemical insecticidal compounds. [32][33][34][35] Insects rely on their innate immune system to fight against invading microbial agents (bacteria, fungi and parasites), through the activation of cellular and humoral responses that can be early warning indicators of microbial insecticide exposure. 36,37 Dipterans of the family Chironomidae constitute a group of aquatic insects of great ecological importance within freshwater ecosystems, since they are a predominant component of benthic communities, 38,39 playing a crucial role in aquatic food webs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Dornelas

Sarmento

Silva

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Commercial formulations based on Bacillus thuringiensis subs. kurstaki (Btk) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb) are commonly used microbial insecticides in Brazil and other tropical regions. However, and despite being considered environmentally friendly, their use generates concerns regarding possible adverse ecological effects in freshwater ecosystems. Here, we evaluate the effects of these bioinsecticides on the tropical aquatic dipteran Chironomus xanthus under laboratory conditions. RESULTS After laboratory exposures to these compounds 48‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 1534 μg a.i./L for Btk and of 6.35 μg a.i./L for Bb were estimated. Chronic assays revealed different sublethal effects: Btk‐based bioinsecticide exposure reduced C. xanthus growth [lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 126 μg a.i./L for head width], decreased emergence rate (LOEC = 8 μg a.i./L) and increased immunological response (LOEC = 50 μg a.i./L) measured as total hemocyte count in larvae hemolymph. Exposure to low concentrations of Bb‐based insecticide also reduced C. xanthus growth (LOEC = 0.07 μg a.i./L for larvae body length measurements), and emergence rate (LOEC = 0.28 μg a.i./L), despite no clear effects on the total hemocyte counts. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that low concentrations of Btk and Bb bioinsecticides are toxic to C. xanthus. Given their widespread use and occurrence in tropical freshwater systems, research is needed to evaluate the potential effects of these compounds concerning natural freshwater insect communities and ecosystem functioning. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Dornelas

Sarmento

Silva

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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“…Moreover, the immune system of mosquitoes plays an important role when implementing bio‐insecticides. Although mosquitoes lack acquired immunity, they display a series of immune responses against possible pathogens (Wang, Chang, Wang, Zheng, & Zou, ). Recently Rojas‐Pinzón and Dussán () proposed a model of what might be happening inside the larvae once L. sphaericus was ingested, suggesting that, at 24 hr, the larvae recognizes the bacterium as a potential pathogen and, as such, displays its cellular immune response (Rojas‐Pinzón & Dussán, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of three Colombian Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to a Lysinibacillus sphaericus formulation

Santana-Martínez

Rojas-Pinzón

Dussán

2019

J Applied Entomology

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The increased incidence of vector‐borne diseases and insecticide resistance in mosquitos constitute public health concerns in the tropics. Biological control is an effective alternative in the management of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus populations. Lysinibacillus sphaericus a bacterium proved to be harmless for non‐target organisms has shown promising entomopathogenic activity. In Colombia, the control of A. aegypti using L. sphaericus has not been contemplated as part of vector control programmes. To assess the susceptibility of three A. aegypti populations to a L. sphaericus formulation consisting of vegetative cells of 2362 and III(3)7 strains, simulated‐field bioassays were conducted in the municipalities of Ricaurte in Cundinamarca and Tauramena in Casanare, as well as in the municipal inspection of San Joaquin, Cundinamarca. Sixty larvae were deposited in a test device, which contained nine litres of chlorine‐free tap water and 100 ml of the bacterial formulation (109 CFU/ml). Six replicates were set‐up for treatment with bacteria and for the control. Larvae mortality was recorded at 24 and 48 hr. The three A. aegypti populations were susceptible to L. sphaericus formulation with a mortality rate higher than 90% at 48 hr. The formulation of L. sphaericus comprised of vegetative cells of 2362 and III(3)7 strains showed promising results that could guarantee the implementation of this formulation to control of A. aegypti populations.

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“…Some of the variation observed in the ability of ZIKV to infect female mosquitoes and subsequently be transmitted to a new host presumably results from an individual’s ability to combat the viral infection. The Toll and JAK-STAT pathways are key players in mosquito anti-viral defense [ 77 ] and are involved in the defense against DENV [ 78 , 79 ]. Anglero-Rodriguez et al [ 58 ] found that activation of the Toll and JAK/STAT pathways significantly lowered the intensity of ZIKV infection compared to controls [ 58 ], suggesting that the Toll and JAK/STAT pathways defend against ZIKV in Ae.…”

Section: Molecular Responses To Zikv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activation of the IMD pathway, which defends against Gram-negative bacteria [ 77 ], in the midgut by Sindbis virus (SINV) inhibits SINV replication there [ 82 ], showing that an immune pathway can indirectly affect viral proliferation upon ingestion of an infected blood-meal. However, Anglero-Rodriguez et al [ 58 ] found that activation of the IMD pathway in Ae.…”

Section: Molecular Responses To Zikv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Responses to the Zika Virus in Mosquitoes

Alfonso-Parra

Avila

2018

Pathogens

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The Zika virus (ZIKV), originally discovered in 1947, did not become a major concern until the virus swept across the Pacific and into the Americas in the last decade, bringing with it news of neurological complications and birth defects in ZIKV affected areas. This prompted researchers to dissect the molecular interactions between ZIKV and the mosquito vector in an attempt to better understand not only the changes that occur upon infection, but to also identify molecules that may potentially enhance or suppress a mosquito’s ability to become infected and/or transmit the virus. Here, we review what is currently known regarding ZIKV-mosquito molecular interactions, focusing on ZIKV infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, the primary species implicated in transmitting ZIKV during the recent outbreaks.

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The immune strategies of mosquito Aedes aegypti against microbial infection

Cited by 48 publications

References 110 publications

Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Toxicity of microbial insecticides toward the non‐target freshwater insect Chironomus xanthus

Susceptibility of three Colombian Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations to a Lysinibacillus sphaericus formulation

Molecular Responses to the Zika Virus in Mosquitoes

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