The Immune System and Depression: From Epidemiological to Clinical Evidence

Sørensen, Nina Vindegaard; Benros, Michael E.

doi:10.1007/7854_2022_369

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 110 publications

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“…Inflammation is a proposed contributor to the pathophysiology of depression, however, the potential contribution of neuroinflammatory mechanisms to depression is still not fully elucidated [ 1 ]. Biomarkers of neuroinflammation include cytokines (here used as a term referring to cytokines, interferons (INF), interleukins (IL), chemokines, and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family [ 2 ]) that are key modulators of inflammation secreted from a broad variety of cells (both immune cells and others) [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects

Sørensen

Borbye-Lorenzen

Christensen

et al. 2023

J Neuroinflammation

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Background Neuroinflammation has been suggested as a contributor to the pathophysiology of depression; however, large case–control studies investigating cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with recent-onset depression by multiplex analyses are missing. Methods An individually matched (sex and age) prospective case–control study comparing patients with recent-onset depression to healthy controls. CSF was analyzed with the Mesoscale V-PLEX Neuroinflammation Panel 1. Outcomes: comparisons of analyte levels in the CSF between groups with interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 as primary outcomes and 23 other cytokines as secondary outcomes. Results We included 106 patients (84.0% outpatients) with recent-onset depression and 106 healthy controls. There were no significant differences in the primary outcomes IL-6 (relative mean difference (MD): 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.30; p = 0.276) or IL-8 levels (MD: 1.05; 95% CI 0.96–1.16; p = 0.249) relative to healthy controls. IL-4 was 40% higher (MD: 1.40; 95% CI 1.14–1.72; p = 0.001), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 was 25% higher (MD: 1.25; 95% CI 1.06–1.47; p = 0.009) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β was 16% higher (MD: 1.16; 95% CI 1.02–1.33; p = 0.025) in patients with depression relative to healthy controls. However, only IL-4 was significantly elevated after correction for multiple testing of secondary outcomes (p = 0.025). Conclusion We found no significant differences in CSF levels of the co-primary outcomes IL-6 and IL-8, however, the higher CSF levels of IL-4, MCP-1 and MIP-1β among patients with recent-onset depression compared to healthy controls indicate a potential role of these cytokines in the neuroinflammatory response to depression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects

Sørensen

Borbye-Lorenzen

Christensen

et al. 2023

J Neuroinflammation

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Cryostimulation as a Nonpharmacological Intervention for the Promotion of Mental Health: A Focus on Depressive and Anxiety Disorders

Legrand

2024

Whole-Body Cryostimulation

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Network Analysis Reveals Unique Associations of Mindfulness and Distress with Immunity in Māori and Non-Māori New Zealanders

Billot,

Chalmers,

Cervin

et al. 2023

Mindfulness

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Objectives A healthy immune system is required to protect against viral infection and ensure the efficacy of vaccines. Psychological distress can threaten immune resilience, while mindfulness practices can be protective. In New Zealand, Māori experience significantly higher levels of distress compared to non-Māori. The aim of this study was to explore the role of ethnicity in the relations among immunity, depression, anxiety, stress, and mindfulness relate to each other. Method Network analysis was used to explore unique relations among distress (depression, anxiety, stress), mindfulness facets, and immune status in matched (age, ranging from 19 to 88 years, sex, and self-classified socio-economic status) samples of Māori (n = 195) and non-Māori (n = 195) participants from New Zealand. Results The networks of distress, mindfulness, and immune status were significantly different between Māori and non-Māori participants. The mindfulness facets Describe and Act with Awareness were more strongly positively linked in Māori, and Non-judge and Depression more strongly negatively linked in Māori, while Describe and Non-judge were more strongly positively linked in non-Māori. For both Māori and non-Māori, similarities included a negative link between anxiety and immune status, strong positive links between the distress variables, and positive links between the mindfulness facets of Non-judge and Act with Awareness, Observe and Non-React, and Observe and Describe. Conclusions These findings suggest that anxiety is strongly linked to poor immunity across both Māori and non-Māori in New Zealand while networks of mindfulness and distress also demonstrated differences unique for each of these groups. Both similarities and differences between Māori and non-Māori should be considered when developing targeted interventions to improve physical and mental health in New Zealand. Preregistration This study is not preregistered.

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The Immune System and Depression: From Epidemiological to Clinical Evidence

Cited by 4 publications

References 110 publications

Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects

Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case–control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects

Cryostimulation as a Nonpharmacological Intervention for the Promotion of Mental Health: A Focus on Depressive and Anxiety Disorders

Network Analysis Reveals Unique Associations of Mindfulness and Distress with Immunity in Māori and Non-Māori New Zealanders

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