The Immunising Potency of Antigenic Components Isolated From Different Strains of Bact. Typhosum

Topley, W. W. C.; Raistrick, Harold; Wilson, Jon; Stacey, M.; Challinor, S. W.; Clark, R.O.J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)97501-9

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Contrary to this, 'Topley ct al. (50) repoi-ted that the purificcl ailtigeil of Bacteri.um typhoszlm (=Salmonella typhosa (Zopf) \\Ihite) was slightly less effective a t immunizing than whole cells.…”

Section: General Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses of Some Insects to Some Bacterial Antigens

Stephens¹

1959

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula antigen remained in the blood of larvae of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), during the resistant period of the insect. Bacterial antigen present in the immune blood produces agglutinating titers in rabbits about 10 times as great a s those produced by a n approximately equal volume of standard P. aeruginosa vaccine. Attempts to demonstrate the mechanism that enhances the antigen showed that the active portion was contained in the serum, that the action occurred within several hours in vivo and only reached the same level after 3 days in vitro mixture, and that the action was probably not caused by lysis of the bacterial cells and the consequent liberation of more antigen in the blood. Electrophoretic studies on the blood mixture indicated that the altered or enhanced antigen may be bound to a blood fraction, the exact nature of which was not determined. The larvae were actively or passively immunized against lethal doses of P. aert~gginosa within 20 to 24 hours. Concentration of vaccine had little effect upon the degree of immunity conferred upon the larvae. T h e immunity lasted about three days and was more specific than nonspecific. The larvae were not actively protected against P. aeruginosa by introductioil of albuminous foreign material into the body cavity. True antibodies were not detectable in the immune blood though the bactericidal action of immune blood was a t least twice as great a s that of normal blood. Preliminary investigations on immune responses of other lepidopterous insects to P. aeruginosa antigen and of the wax moth to antigens of some other Gram-negative bacteria indicated similar results. lManuscript received October 17, 1958. Contribution No. 3864,

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Section: General Discussion and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses of Some Insects to Some Bacterial Antigens

Stephens¹

1959

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…It should be again emphasized that the virulence of the test culture, as defined in this section, is the essential pre-requisite of the method of titrating the Vi antibody in the mouse. It has been shown by Topley et al (1937) that the 0 antibody confers a high degree of protection against infection with cultures that are less virulent and less 0 resistant than the strain Ty 2. The minimal (average) lethal dose of the " rejuvenated " Rawlings strain employed in the experiments of Topley et al (1937) is stated by these workers tohave been "rather less than 100 million bacilli"; the corresponding figure for the strain Ty 2 is about 40 million bacilli.…”

Section: The Preservation and Maintenance Of The Cultures Used In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown by Topley et al (1937) that the 0 antibody confers a high degree of protection against infection with cultures that are less virulent and less 0 resistant than the strain Ty 2. The minimal (average) lethal dose of the " rejuvenated " Rawlings strain employed in the experiments of Topley et al (1937) is stated by these workers tohave been "rather less than 100 million bacilli"; the corresponding figure for the strain Ty 2 is about 40 million bacilli. The test dose of 500 million organisms of the rejuvenated Rawlings strain, which Topley et al (1937) used throughout, killed as a rule only 90 % of the normal control mice; when the strain Ty 2 is employed, there is hardly ever a survivor amongst the control mice inoculated with either the full test dose or half the test dose, and very rarely is there a survivor in the group which has received a third of the test dose.…”

Section: The Preservation and Maintenance Of The Cultures Used In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…typhosum that have been prepared by different methods by Topley et al (1937), Henderson & Morgan (1938) and Boivin & Mesrobeanu (1938a). It is probable that a dried purified antigenic fraction prepared from a variant of the type of the strain O 901 may ultimately be found to be the most suitable reagent for the preparation of the test dose of "endotoxin".…”

Section: The Preservation and Maintenance Of The Cultures Used In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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The titration of therapeutic anti-typhoid serum

Félix

1938

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…This allowed the chemical characterization of antigenic material and it was discovered that the endotoxin was largely made up of polysaccharides and did not contain any protein components . The nonproteinaceous nature of the bacterial antigen was also confirmed by Raistick and Topley (Raistrick & Topley, 1934;Topley et al, 1937) and by Morgan (1937), who employed a slightly different chemical approach to endotoxin extraction. At about the same time, Kauffmann (1936) recognized the remarkable diversity of bacterial surface complex carbohydrates when he realized that endotoxin molecules from various Salmonella strains contained unique polysaccharide signatures, now known as the O-antigens.…”

Section: Identification and Chemical Characterization Of The Carbohydmentioning

confidence: 73%

Progress in understanding the assembly process of bacterial O-antigen

2014

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The discovery that the surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria often carry unique polysaccharide signatures pre-dates most seminal discoveries of molecular biology and biochemistry of the 20th century. The O-antigen component of the lipopolysaccharide has been one of the most intensely studied bacterial polysaccharide surface structures for over 80 years. Yet, many questions about the mechanism of biosynthesis of the O-antigen and its transport to the cell surface remain unanswered. In this review we provide an overview of how the molecular basis of the O-antigen assembly and trafficking were unraveled in a historical context. We pay particular attention to the emergence of novel technological approaches and how they fueled the elucidation of the O-antigen maturation process. Moreover, we provide a brief perspective on the biosynthesis of enterobacterial common antigen and underline the similarities and differences between the pathways used to assemble these two surface polysaccharides. Finally, we highlight key discoveries that led to the understanding of the mechanistic basis of bacteriophage-induced O-antigen modifications. We place special emphasis on the regulation of the length of O-antigen polymers and provide a detailed overview of the models explaining the O-antigen length determination. Finally, we highlight outstanding questions that need to be addressed both structurally and functionally to advance our understanding of the O-antigen assembly, trafficking and export within cellular and molecular contexts.

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The Immunising Potency of Antigenic Components Isolated From Different Strains of Bact. Typhosum

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Immune Responses of Some Insects to Some Bacterial Antigens

Immune Responses of Some Insects to Some Bacterial Antigens

The titration of therapeutic anti-typhoid serum

Progress in understanding the assembly process of bacterial O-antigen

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