The immunocytochemical demonstration ofToxoplasma antigen in the brains of congenitally infected mice

Hay, J.; Graham, David I.; Dutton, Gordon N.; Logan, Susan M.

doi:10.1007/bf00925482

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…59 The incidence of cyst rupture in the brain may be higher in mice congenitally infected with the parasite. 60 In these cases, however, the immune response probably limits proliferation of the parasite.…”

Section: Host Cytokine Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Brain

Carruthers

Suzuki

2007

Schizophrenia Bulletin

240

193

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Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite, can infect humans in 3 different ways: ingestion of tissue cysts, ingestion of oocysts, or congenital infection with tachyzoites. After proliferation of tachyzoites in various organs during the acute stage, the parasite forms cysts preferentially in the brain and establishes a chronic infection, which is a balance between host immunity and the parasite's evasion of the immune response. A variety of brain cells, including astrocytes and neurons, can be infected. In vitro studies using non-brain cells have demonstrated profound effects of the infection on gene expression of host cells, including molecules that promote the immune response and those involved in signal transduction pathways, suggesting that similar effects could occur in infected brain cells. Interferon-gamma is the essential mediator of the immune response to control T. gondii in the brain and to maintain the latency of chronic infection. Infection also induces the production of a variety of cytokines by microglia, astrocytes, and neurons, which promote or suppress inflammatory responses. The strain (genotype) of T. gondii, genetic factors of the host, and probably the route of infection and the stage (tachyzoite, cyst, or oocyst) of the parasite initiating infection all contribute to the establishment of a balance between the host and the parasite and affect the outcome of the infection.

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Section: Host Cytokine Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Brain

Carruthers

Suzuki

2007

Schizophrenia Bulletin

240

193

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“…This denotes that there were no diffuse antigens present in the tissue and the specificity of the staining could be attributed to the concentration of the antigen produced by toxoplasma parasite within the infected cells. However, it was reported rare rupture of the cyst wall and the presence of extracystic toxoplasma antigen (endozoites), which were identified by electron microscopy in the inner areas, surrounding the ruptured cyst [57] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Body Mass Index and Body Composition on Cardiac Autonomic Function in Young Adult Saudi Females

El-Salamony

El-Agaty

Zawawi

2014

مجلة جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز-العلوم الطبية

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The efficacies of four different types of microwaved Toxoplasma gondii vaccines were evaluated for their ability to elicit protection in Swiss strain pregnant mice and their pups. Protection of dams and their pups was evaluated by parasitological and pathological studies. Mice were divided into 4 groups. Preimmunization of pregnant mice was done before mating. The first group immunized with tachyzoite vaccine alone, the second with tachyzoite vaccine in combination with cytokine IL -12 , the third with microwaved cyst vaccine alone and the fourth group with microwaved cyst vaccine combined with cholera toxin. All groups were challenged with the virulent RHstrain of Toxoplasma gondii between the 10 th and 14 th day of gestation. The results showed highest level of protection in dams vaccinated with cyst vaccine in combination with cholera toxin followed by vaccine group in association with the cytokine IL 12 . The combination of the vaccines with the adjuvant strengthened the vaccine effect, thus documented by the improvement of histopathological changes in the organs of both dams and pups compared to the infected control group organs. The study proposes the implication of this vaccine against the infection with Toxoplasma gonidii, not only in mice, but also in other mammalian hosts including women.

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Host—parasite relationship in the brains of mice with congenital toxoplasmosis

Sims

Hay

Talbot

1988

The Journal of Pathology

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The wall of intact tissue cysts in the brains of mice with congenital toxoplasmosis was investigated using light and electron microscopy. Impregnation of the wall with reduced silver salts and protargol silver suggested that it was composed, at least in part, of components derived from the neuronal cytoskeleton. Electron microscopy extended these observations and revealed that intact cysts were separated from the extracellular compartment by a layer of neurofibrillae enclosed within the host cell membrane. It is suggested that this may be a means whereby intact Toxoplasma tissue cysts are protected from the host's immune response.

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The immunocytochemical demonstration ofToxoplasma antigen in the brains of congenitally infected mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Brain

Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Brain

The Impact of Body Mass Index and Body Composition on Cardiac Autonomic Function in Young Adult Saudi Females

Host—parasite relationship in the brains of mice with congenital toxoplasmosis

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