The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of four COVID-19 booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (Delta, Beta, and Omicron) following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary series

Angkasekwinai, Nasikarn; Niyomnaitham, Suvimol; Sewatanon, Jaturong; Phumiamorn, Supaporn; Sukapirom, Kasama; Senawong, Sansnee; Toh, Zheng Quan; Umrod, Pinklow; Somporn, Thitiporn; Chumpol, Supaporn; Ritthitham, Kanokphon; Jantraphakorn, Yuparat; Srisutthisamphan, Kanjana; Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya

doi:10.1101/2021.11.29.21266947

Cited by 29 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These results are consistent with a previous study of BNT162b2 following CV after three months [6]. Previous studies assessing the use of the standard mRNA vaccine dose after the CV series [1,7] or three standard doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 [11] also demonstrated high neutralizing antibodies against the omicron variant. This aligns with another study reporting that the use of 15-μg-BNT162b2 as a booster dose elicited neutralizing activity against the SARs-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Previous studies assessing the use of the standard mRNA vaccine dose after the CV series [1, 7] or three standard doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 [11] also demonstrated high neutralizing antibodies against the omicron variant. This aligns with another study reporting that the use of 15-μg-BNT162b2 as a booster dose elicited neutralizing activity against the SARs-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants [7]. Nevertheless, a previous study of mRNA-1273 showed that a third standard dose (100 μg) elicited a stronger immune response than a third reduced dose (50 μg) [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a reduced and standard booster dose of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults after two doses of inactivated vaccine

Kanokudom

Assawakosri

Suntronwong³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a serious healthcare problem worldwide since December 2019. The third dose of heterologous vaccine was recently approved by World Health Organization. The present study compared the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the reduced and standard third booster dose of the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine in adults who previously received the two-dose CoronaVac vaccine. Results showed that headache, joint pain, and diarrhea were more frequent in the 15 μg-than the 30 μg-BNT162b2 groups, whereas joint pain and chilling were more frequent in the 100 μg-than the 50 μg-mRNA-1273 groups. No significant differences in immunogenicity were detected. These findings demonstrate that the reduced dose of the mRNA vaccines elicited antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants that were comparable to the standard dose. The reduced dose could be used to increase vaccine coverage in situations of limited global vaccine supply.HighlightsThe 15 μg- and 30 μg-BNT162b2, and 50 μg- and 100 μg-mRNA-1273 booster doses were comparedBooster vaccination with the mRNA vaccine elicits high Ig and IgG anti-RBD in CoronaVac-vaccinated adultsNo differences were observed in antibody responses after the reduced or standard booster dose of the mRNA vaccine in CoronaVac-vaccinated adultsNeutralizing antibodies against the delta and omicron variants were significantly higher after the booster doseNeutralizing antibody titers were lower against the omicron variant than the delta variant in all vaccinated adults

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a reduced and standard booster dose of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults after two doses of inactivated vaccine

Kanokudom

Assawakosri

Suntronwong³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The result revealed that heterologous boosters could induce the production of large amounts of antibodies against Delta and Omicron, compared with homologous boosters. 134 Therefore, obtaining heterologous boosters might be an effective strategy to increase the intensity and persistence of the immune response (Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Strategies Against the Omicron Variantmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant: Immune escape and vaccine development

Lan

et al. 2022

MedComm

109

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New genetic variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) constantly emerge through unmitigated spread of the virus in the ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Omicron (B.1.1.529), the latest variant of concern (VOC), has so far shown exceptional spread and infectivity and has established itself as the dominant variant in recent months. The SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein is a key component for the recognition and binding to host cell angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptors. The Omicron variant harbors a cluster of substitutions/deletions/insertions, and more than 30 mutations are located in spike. Some noticeable mutations, including K417N, T478K, N501Y, and P681H, are shared with the previous VOCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants and have been proven to be associated with higher transmissibility, viral infectivity, and immune evasion potential. Studies have revealed that the Omicron variant is partially resistant to the neutralizing activity of therapeutic antibodies and convalescent sera, which poses significant challenges for the clinical effectiveness of the current vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. We provide a comprehensive analysis and summary of the epidemiology and immune escape mechanisms of the Omicron variant. We also suggest some therapeutic strategies against the Omicron variant. This review, therefore, aims to provide information for further research efforts to prevent and contain the impact of new VOCs during the ongoing pandemic.

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“…The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant identified in late 2021 was found to harbour 36 mutations in the spike protein which enable the virus to evade immunity induced by infection or vaccination. Many studies suggested that a booster dose is needed to protect against Omicron [5][6][7][8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 plus heterologous BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults

Niyomnaitham

Toh

Wongprompitak

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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We evaluated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 primary series vaccination schedules. Participants were randomized to one of seven groups that received two-dose homologous BNT162b2 or heterologous combinations of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2, with 4 weeks interval. Of 210 participants, median age was 38 (19-60) years, 51% were female. The groups that received BNT162b2 as second dose induced the highest virus-specific IgG response against the ancestral strain [BNT162b2: geometric mean concentration (GMC) 2133-2249, 95%CI 1558 to 3055; ChAdOx1: 851-1201, 95%CI 649 to 1522; CoronaVac: 137-225, 95%CI 103-286 BAU/mL], neutralising antibodies (NAb) against Beta and Delta, and interferon gamma response. All groups induced low to negligible NAb against Omicron. A BNT162b2 booster (3rd dose) following heterologous CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 regimens induced >140-fold increase in NAb titres against Omicron. Our findings indicate that heterologous regimens using BNT162b2 as the second dose may be considered an alternative schedule to maximize immune response.

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The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of four COVID-19 booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (Delta, Beta, and Omicron) following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 primary series

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Comparison of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a reduced and standard booster dose of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults after two doses of inactivated vaccine

Comparison of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a reduced and standard booster dose of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults after two doses of inactivated vaccine

SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant: Immune escape and vaccine development

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 plus heterologous BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults

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