The Immunological Functions of Muramyl Dipeptide Compound Adjuvant on Humoral, Cellular-mediated and Mucosal Immune Responses to PEDV Inactivated Vaccine in Mice

Zhou, Chuan Jie; Chen, Jin; Hou, Ji Bo; Zheng, Yanan; Yu, Yuan Nan; He, Hui; Zhang, Yuan Peng; Feng, Xiuli; Zheng, Qi

doi:10.2174/0929866525666180917160926

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…PEDVs can be divided into two major groups, namely classical G1 (G1a, G1b) [ 41 ] and variant G2 (G2a, G2b and G2c) [ 44 , 45 ]. Here, we analyzed the representative 98 strains of the S1 partial gene; 1 strain named 17GXNN-2 was found clustered into G1b, which was more closely related to the classical PEDV strains, and the rest were all variant strains (74 in G2a, 16 in G2b and 7 in G2c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and Spatiotemporal Analyses of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Guangxi, China during 2017–2022

Bai

et al. 2023

Animals

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Since 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has swept across China and spread throughout the country, causing huge economic losses. In this study, 673 diarrhea samples from 143 pig farms in Guangxi during 2017–2022 were collected and detected for PEDV. Ninety-eight strains were selected for S1 gene analyses and these strains were classified into four subgroups (G1b, G2a, G2b and G2c), accounting for 1.02 (1/98), 75.51 (74/98), 16.33 (16/98) and 7.14% (7/98) of the total, respectively. Importantly, an increased number of strains in the G2c subgroup was found from 2019 onwards. Bayesian analysis revealed that Guigang may have been the epicenter of PEDVs in Guangxi. In addition, Guigang was identified as the primary hub from which PEDVs spread via two routes, namely Guigang–Wuzhou and Guigang–Laibin. Moreover, several coinfections of novel PEDV variants bearing large deletions in the partial S1 protein and PEDVs possessing an intact partial S1 protein were found in pigs. Further recombination analyses indicated that two of the strains, 18-GXNN-6 and 19-GXBH-2, originated from intra-genogroup recombination. Together, our data revealed a new profile of PEDV in Guangxi, China, which enhances our understanding of the distribution, genetic characteristics and evolutionary profile of the circulating PEDV strains in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and Spatiotemporal Analyses of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Guangxi, China during 2017–2022

Bai

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…For instance, MDP with inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) administered subcutaneously to mice induced PEDV-specific IgG antibody and cytokine production and activated CD3 + and CD4 + cells. The use of MDP in the vaccine also significantly increased PEDV-specific IgA antibody titers following intranasal immunization [ 213 ].…”

Section: Carbohydrate-based Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines

et al. 2020

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Modern subunit vaccines are composed of antigens and a delivery system and/or adjuvant (immune stimulator) that triggers the desired immune responses. Adjuvants mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are typically associated with infections. Carbohydrates displayed on the surface of pathogens are often recognized as PAMPs by receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Consequently, carbohydrates and their analogues have been used as adjuvants and delivery systems to promote antigen transport to APCs. Carbohydrates are biocompatible, usually nontoxic, biodegradable, and some are mucoadhesive. As such, carbohydrates and their derivatives have been intensively explored for the development of new adjuvants. This review assesses the immunological functions of carbohydrate ligands and their ability to enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses against co-administered antigens. The role of carbohydrate-based adjuvants/delivery systems in the development of subunit vaccines is discussed in detail.

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