The immunology and genetics of resistance of sheep to Teladorsagia circumcincta

Venturina, Virginia; Gossner, Anton

doi:10.1007/s11259-013-9559-9

Cited by 40 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 163 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…Binding of IL-12 to its receptors activates the Th1 pathway and triggers the production of its transcription factors (TBX21, HLX). These in turn, promote the production of IFN-γ (Venturina et al, 2013). On the contrary, Sayers et al (2005b) supported a relationship between IFN-γ and resistance to nematode infection in Texel breed.…”

Section: The Role Of Cytokines and T Helper (Th) Cellsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Some studies on ruminants have shown constant or increased expression of IFN-γ and IL-12 despite a predominant Th2 response in H. contortus infection (Meeusen et al, 2005;Pernthaner et al, 2005). In another study, IFN-γ expression was unaffected by T. circumcincta infection of either immune or naive lambs (Craig et al, 2007;Venturina et al, 2013). Other researchers concluded that nematodes can also induce various levels of a Th1 response (Finkelman and Urban, 2001;Li et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Role Of Cytokines and T Helper (Th) Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These pathways are characterized by differentiation of Th0 cells and therefore special Th1 or Th2 cell response. This model of activation is controlled by specific cytokines (Finkelman and Urban, 2001;Li et al, 2012;Venturina et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Role Of Cytokines and T Helper (Th) Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the ways of manipulating the immune response is the development of T regulatory cells (Tregs) (Venturina et al, 2013). These cells have a double role.…”

Section: T Regulatory Cells (Tregs) and Th17 Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, they suppress prolonged immune activation with IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines, which are responsible for the flexibility of the Th1/Th2 cell activation (Belkaid and Rouse, 2005;Ouyang et al, 2011). Secondly, Tregs are crucial for the clinical outcome of the parasitism (Belkaid and Tarbell, 2009;Venturina et al, 2013).…”

Section: T Regulatory Cells (Tregs) and Th17 Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune and other factors modulating host resistance against gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep

Arsenopoulos

Symeonidou

Papadopoulos

2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Infection of small ruminants with gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites is a significant problem with crucial impact on meat and milk production. The strategy of administrating anthelminthic drugs has been implemented for many years and has resulted in the development of resistant strains of parasites. Meanwhile, consumers demand for free of drugs products have led to the adoption of alternative control methods, which involve the selective breeding of animals, which are resistant to parasitism. The development of immunity and therefore, resistance against gastrointestinal parasites is based on the activation of specific host genes. Gene analysis has revealed areas (QTLs), which affect resistance or susceptibility of sheep to gastrointestinal infestations between animals of different breeds and between individuals of the same breed. The role of cytokines and T helper cells has been enhanced as research, strongly, supports the connection of Th2 cells with resistance and Th1 cells with susceptibility against GIN. Latest data implicates T regulatory cells and a specific cell type, Th17, in immune response mechanisms. Specific adhesion molecules (integrins, lectins, cadherins) are produced in the gut lumen in sufficient amounts and appear to boost immunity and reduce clinical signs in sheep. Additionally, the immunoglobulins IgA and IgE have been positively correlated with increased resistance against GIN. In several cases of GIN, where an increased number of eosinophils and mast cells in the intestinal epithelium have been recorded, the animals had a reduced number of parasite eggs in their feces. The genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex have been referred to as potential resistance or susceptibility markers. Other enzymes, like chitinases, enhance the resilience of animals and protect them effectively. Animal’s nutritional status is another determinant factor of immune capability against GIN in sheep, both systemic, as well as locally. Regarding the effect of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, some researchers support their direct effect against GIN, resulting in a natural reduction of their number, while others claim the indirect action in the intestinal epithelium by reducing local immunity. Consequently, the detection of genes associated with resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal infestations is promising and in line with modern requirements.

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Section: The Role Of Cytokines and T Helper (Th) Cellsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: The Role Of Cytokines and T Helper (Th) Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: The Role Of Cytokines and T Helper (Th) Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the ways of manipulating the immune response is the development of T regulatory cells (Tregs) (Venturina et al, 2013). These cells have a double role.…”

Section: T Regulatory Cells (Tregs) and Th17 Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T Regulatory Cells (Tregs) and Th17 Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune and other factors modulating host resistance against gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep

Arsenopoulos

Symeonidou

Papadopoulos

2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Response of resistant and susceptible Brazilian Somalis crossbreed sheep naturally infected by Haemonchus contortus

et al. 2014

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This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Brazilian Somalis sheep to natural infections by gastrointestinal nematodes. During 98 days, 75 weaned sheep, initially 3-4 months old, were kept on the same pasture and evaluated. Fecal and blood samples were collected for parasitological and hematological exams. After this period, the eight most resistant and the eight most susceptible animals were selected based on their individual averages of nematode fecal egg counts and were slaughtered for worm burden determination and nematodes identification. Abomasum and abomasum lymph nodes were also recovered for gene expression analysis. The animals selected as resistant had lower fecal egg counts during experimental period and smaller worm burdens than the susceptible ones (P < 0.05). The genus Haemonchus, followed by Trischostrongylus and Oesophagostomum, were identified in composite cultures. Haemonchus contortus was the specie identified in the abomasum. Packed cell volume and total plasma protein means were higher in the resistant group (27.2% and 6.1 g/dL) than in the susceptible one (22.5% and 5.3 g/dL), respectively. Regarding cytokine gene expression, IL-4 (P < 0.05) was up-regulated in the abomasum of resistant animals and TNF-α (P < 0.03) and IFN-γ (P < 0.03) in susceptible ones. In abomasum lymph nodes, IL-4 (P < 0.04) and IL-13 (P < 0.05) were up-regulated in the resistant animals and IFN-γ in the susceptible one (P < 0.01). This work provides further evidence that, within a given animal breed, individuals have different responses when infected by gastrointestinal nematodes. Resistant animals who responded more quickly and efficiently to these infections activated a TH2-type response.

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Development of a milk and serum ELISA test for the detection of Teladorsagia circumcincta antibodies in goats using experimentally and naturally infected animals

Malama¹,

Hoffmann-Köhler

Biedermann

et al. 2014

Parasitol Res

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Teladorsagia circumcincta is among the most important gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants and the predominant species in Southern European goats. Parasite control is largely based on metaphylactic/preventative treatments, which is often seen as non-sustainable anymore. The reasons are increased consumer demand to reduce chemicals in livestock production and anthelmintic resistance against the common drugs. This study aimed at the development of a T. circumcincta-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specifically for goats. Samples were obtained from goats raised parasite-free or infected experimentally. Sampling continued during the following pasture season and housing period. The sensitivity for the use in bulk milk samples as an indicator of T. circumcincta infection levels in grazing goats was examined. The ELISA enables clear differentiation of negative and positive animals. With a specificity of 100% negative cut-off values for serum and milk were 0.294 and 0.228 (sensitivity, 95%). Positive cut-off values (sensitivity, 90%) were 0.606 (serum) and 0.419 (milk), while a sensitivity of 95% resulted in 0.509 and 0.363, respectively. The grey-zone between negative/positive cut-offs was introduced to deal with animals in pre-patency and decreasing antibody levels after infection. There was no cross reactivity for Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Cooperia oncophora while for Haemonchus contortus and Fasciola hepatica it cannot be fully excluded currently. In bulk milk samples, 5% of the milk had to be contributed from animals infected with T. circumcincta to be detected as positive. The results derived from experimentally and naturally infected as well as parasite naïve animals indicate the potential of the ELISA to be used in targeted anthelmintic treatment regimes in goats.

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The immunology and genetics of resistance of sheep to Teladorsagia circumcincta

Cited by 40 publications

References 163 publications

Immune and other factors modulating host resistance against gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep

Immune and other factors modulating host resistance against gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep

Response of resistant and susceptible Brazilian Somalis crossbreed sheep naturally infected by Haemonchus contortus

Development of a milk and serum ELISA test for the detection of Teladorsagia circumcincta antibodies in goats using experimentally and naturally infected animals

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