The immunology of the porcine skin and its value as a model for human skin

Summerfield, Artur; Meurens, François; Ricklin, Meret E.

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.023

Cited by 399 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Porcine skin is an excellent model for biomedical research because of its anatomical, histological, immunological, immunohistochemical, and genomic similarities to human skin. We have also previously shown that human and porcine skin susceptibility to UV radiation is comparable .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and its derivatives counteract the ultraviolet B radiation‐induced damage in human and porcine skin ex vivo

Skobowiat

Brożyna

Janjetovic

et al. 2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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Melatonin and its derivatives (N -acetyl-N -formyl-5-methoxykynurenine [AFMK] and N-acetyl serotonin [NAS]) have broad-spectrum protective effects against photocarcinogenesis, including both direct and indirect antioxidative actions, regulation of apoptosis and DNA damage repair; these data were primarily derived from in vitro models. This study evaluates possible beneficial effects of melatonin and its active derivatives against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced harm to human and porcine skin ex vivo and to cultured HaCaT cells. The topical application of melatonin, AFMK, or NAS protected epidermal cells against UVB-induced 8-OHdG formation and apoptosis with a further increase in p53 expression, especially after application of melatonin or AFMK but not after NAS use. The photoprotective action was observed in pre- and post-UVB treatment in both human and porcine models. Melatonin along with its derivatives upregulated also the expression of antioxidative enzymes after UVB radiation of HaCaT cells. The exogenous application of melatonin or its derivatives represents a potent and promising tool for preventing UVB-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. This protection results in improved genomic, cellular, and tissue integrity against UVB-induced carcinogenesis, especially when applied prior to UV exposure. In addition, our ex vivo experiments provide fundamental justification for further testing the clinical utility of melatonin and metabolites as protectors again UVB in human subjects. Our ex vivo data constitute the bridge between vitro to vivo translation and thus justifies the pursue for further clinical utility of melatonin in maintaining skin homeostasis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and its derivatives counteract the ultraviolet B radiation‐induced damage in human and porcine skin ex vivo

Skobowiat

Brożyna

Janjetovic

et al. 2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…The maximum distance detectable by NIR through porcine skin, used as a human skin analog ( Figure 3G), was 12 mm. 26 Figure 3H presents an ultrasound recording of normal human carotid artery bifurcation annotated for the ICA, ECA, and CCA. The linear dashed bar in Figure 3H indicates 11.89 mm depth of the human carotid artery bifurcation from the vertical distance from the neck surface (courtesy of Dr Aaron O Shiloh).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular thrombus imaging in vivo via near-infrared fluorescent nanodiamond particles bioengineered with the disintegrin bitistatin (Part II)

Gerstenhaber¹,

Barone²,

Marcinkiewicz³

et al. 2017

IJN

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The aim of this feasibility study was to test the ability of fluorescent nanodiamond particles (F-NDP) covalently conjugated with bitistatin (F-NDP-Bit) to detect vascular blood clots in vivo using extracorporeal near-infrared (NIR) imaging. Specifically, we compared NIR fluorescence properties of F-NDP with N-V (F-NDP NV ) and N-V-N color centers and sizes (100–10,000 nm). Optimal NIR fluorescence and tissue penetration across biological tissues (rat skin, porcine axillary veins, and skin) was obtained for F-NDP NV with a mean diameter of 700 nm. Intravital imaging (using in vivo imaging system [IVIS]) in vitro revealed that F-NDP NV -loaded glass capillaries could be detected across 6 mm of rat red-muscle barrier and 12 mm of porcine skin, which equals the average vertical distance of a human carotid artery bifurcation from the surface of the adjacent skin (14 mm). In vivo, feasibility was demonstrated in a rat model of occlusive blood clots generated using FeCl 3 in the carotid artery bifurcation. Following systemic infusions of F-NDP NV -Bit (3 or 15 mg/kg) via the external carotid artery or femoral vein (N=3), presence of the particles in the thrombi was confirmed both in situ via IVIS, and ex vivo via confocal imaging. The presence of F-NDP NV in the vascular clots was further confirmed by direct counting of fluorescent particles extracted from clots following tissue solubilization. Our data suggest that F-NDP NV -Bit associate with vascular blood clots, presumably by binding of F-NDP NV -Bit to activated platelets within the blood clot. We posit that F-NDP NV -Bit could serve as a noninvasive platform for identification of vascular thrombi using NIR energy monitored by an extracorporeal device.

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“…This applies to its general structure, thickness, hair follicle content, pigmentation, collagen and lipid composition. 8 Porcine epidermal thickness, for example, has been shown to approximate human epidermis, and range from 30 to 140 mm, which is comparable to human skin thickness of 50-120 mm. 8 It is thus optimal to use porcine skin-containing VCA as a platform for establishing pathologic components for scoring systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Systematic pathological component scores for skin-containing vascularized composite allografts

Rosales

Foreman

Defazio

et al. 2016

Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

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Here we report a systematic scoring system developed from MHC-mismatched porcine skin-containing VCA. Biopsies from 20 VCA, 9 autologous skin flaps and 9 normal skin were analyzed to optimize the methodology and set thresholds. The components quantified were: perivascular cells/dermal vessel (pc), perivascular dermal infiltrate area (pa), luminal leukocytes/capillary or venule (c), epidermal infiltrate (ei), epidermal apoptosis or necrosis (e), endarteritis (v), and chronic allograft vasculopathy (cav). To evaluate prognostic value, we scored a separate group of 28 serial biopsies from 8 recipients (4 that were ultimately accepted and 4 that rejected. Parameters on the initial biopsies predicting later graft rejection included pc (p < 0.02), pa (p < 0.03), ei (p < 0.0005), e (p < 0.003) and c (p < 0.005). Reproducibility between 2 pathologists blinded to clinical data was acceptable, with weighted kappa scores for pc (0.673), pa (0.399), ei (0.464), e (0.663), v (0.766), and c (0.642). This component scoring system can be adapted clinically, since human and porcine skin are highly similar. Vascular lesions in VCA are also highlighted in this system and could impact graft outcome. The component score approach complements Banff 2007 grades and will enable the establishment of clinically significant thresholds.

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The immunology of the porcine skin and its value as a model for human skin

Cited by 399 publications

References 73 publications

Melatonin and its derivatives counteract the ultraviolet B radiation‐induced damage in human and porcine skin ex vivo

Melatonin and its derivatives counteract the ultraviolet B radiation‐induced damage in human and porcine skin ex vivo

Vascular thrombus imaging in vivo via near-infrared fluorescent nanodiamond particles bioengineered with the disintegrin bitistatin (Part II)

Systematic pathological component scores for skin-containing vascularized composite allografts

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