The Immunopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease Is Related to the Composition of Gut Microbiota

Leblhuber, Friedrich; Ehrlich, Daniela; Steiner, Kostja; Geisler, Simon; Fuchs, Dietmar; Lanser, Lukas; Kurz, Katharina

doi:10.3390/nu13020361

Cited by 94 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 322 publications

(238 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Both experimental and clinical studies found that the decrease of gut microbiota diversity was common in AD animal models and patients. In addition, the structure of gut microbiota has also changed [ 51 ]. In the animal model of intestinal malnutrition caused by ampicillin for one month, it was found that the spatial learning and memory ability of experimental animals was damaged and aggressive behaviors increased [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture could balance the gut microbiota and improve the learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer’s disease animal model

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as one of most common dementia, mainly affects older people from the worldwide. In this study, we intended to explore the possible mechanism of improving cognitive function and protecting the neuron effect by electroacupuncture. Method: We applied senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as AD animal model, used Morris water maze, HE staining, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing of gut microbiota and ELISA to demonstrate our hypothesis. Results: electroacupuncture improved the learning and memory abilities in SAMP8 mice (P<0.05) and could protect the frontal lobe cortex and hippocampus of SAMP8 mice; electroacupuncture significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β (P<0.01), IL-6 (P<0.01) and TNF-α (P<0.01 in hippocampus, P<0.05 in serum) in serum and hippocampus; electroacupuncture balanced the quantity and composition of gut microbiome, especially of the relative abundance in Delta-proteobacteria (P<0.05) and Epsilon-proteobacteria (P<0.05). Conclusion: electroacupuncture treatment could inhibit the peripheral and central nerve system inflammatory response by balancing the gut microbiota.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture could balance the gut microbiota and improve the learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer’s disease animal model

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Precipitation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, due to hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins 6,7 ; 4. Oxidative stress 8,9 ; 5. Chronic peripheral 8,10 and neuro-inflammation 11 by microglial activation; 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of The Art on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Vecchio

Sorrentino

Paoletti

et al. 2021

J Cent Nerv Syst Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic disabling disease that affects the central nervous system. The main consequences of AD include the decline of cognitive functions and language disorders. One of the causes leading to AD is the decrease of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the brain, in part due to a higher activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for its degradation. Many acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), both natural and synthetic, have been developed and used through the years to counteract the progression of the disease. The first of such drugs approved for a therapeutic use was tacrine, that binds through a reversible bond to the enzyme. However, tacrine has since been withdrawn because of its adverse effects. Currently, donepezil and galantamine are very promising AChEIs with clinical benefits. Moreover, rivastigmine is considered a pseudo-irreversible compound with anti-AChE action, providing similar effects at the clinical level. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of what has been published over the last decade on the effectiveness of AChEIs in AD, analysing the most relevant issues under the clinical and methodological profiles and the consequent possible welfare effects for the whole world. Furthermore, novel drugs and possible therapeutic approaches are also discussed.

show abstract

“…The metabolic changes associated with inflammatory processes and monoaminergic neurotransmitters play a role in disease 43 and psychological disorders, such as anxiety or depression 44 – 47 . Lactobacillus reuteri intake improved depressive-like behaviour in mice by reversing the stress-induced decrease of fecal H 2 O 2 levels and depleting the resident Lactobacillus population 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L. rhamnosus improves the immune response and tryptophan catabolism in laying hen pullets

Mindus

Staaveren

Fuchs

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In mammals, early-life probiotic supplementation is a promising tool for preventing unfavourable, gut microbiome-related behavioural, immunological, and aromatic amino acid alterations later in life. In laying hens, feather-pecking behaviour is proposed to be a consequence of gut-brain axis dysregulation. Lactobacillus rhamnosus decreases stress-induced severe feather pecking in adult hens, but whether its effect in pullets is more robust is unknown. Consequently, we investigated whether early-life, oral supplementation with a single Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain can prevent stress-induced feather-pecking behaviour in chickens. To this end, we monitored both the short- and long-term effects of the probiotic supplement on behaviour and related physiological parameters. We hypothesized that L. rhamnosus would reduce pecking behaviour by modulating the biological pathways associated with this detrimental behaviour, namely aromatic amino acid turnover linked to neurotransmitter production and stress-related immune responses. We report that stress decreased the proportion of cytotoxic T cells in the tonsils (P = 0.047). Counteracting this T cell depression, birds receiving the L. rhamnosus supplementation significantly increased all T lymphocyte subset proportions (P < 0.05). Both phenotypic and genotypic feather peckers had lower plasma tryptophan concentrations compared to their non-pecking counterparts. The probiotic supplement caused a short-term increase in plasma tryptophan (P < 0.001) and the TRP:(PHE + TYR) ratio (P < 0.001). The administration of stressors did not significantly increase feather pecking in pullets, an observation consistent with the age-dependent onset of pecking behaviour. Despite minimal changes to behaviour, our data demonstrate the impact of L. rhamnosus supplementation on the immune system and the turnover of the serotonin precursor tryptophan. Our findings indicate that L. rhamnosus exerts a transient, beneficial effect on the immune response and tryptophan catabolism in pullets.

show abstract

The Immunopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease Is Related to the Composition of Gut Microbiota

Cited by 94 publications

References 322 publications

Electroacupuncture could balance the gut microbiota and improve the learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer’s disease animal model

Electroacupuncture could balance the gut microbiota and improve the learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer’s disease animal model

The State of The Art on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

L. rhamnosus improves the immune response and tryptophan catabolism in laying hen pullets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About