The Immunostimulatory and Anti-tumor Activities of Polysaccharide from <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> (brown)

Abstract

Agaricus bisporus is one of the most consumed culinary mushrooms in the world. The white type of Agaricus bisporus has been demonstrated with various bioactivities beneficial to human health. However, little was known about its brown type. In this study, the anti-cancer and immunoregulatory potential of Agaricus bisporus (brown) polysaccharide were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the polysaccharide had a significant antiproliferative effect on Hela cells (cervical cancer cells), especially at the high concentration of 200 μg/ml. The spleen index, thymus index and carbon clearance ability of mice were remarkably increased by the polysaccharide treatment, indicating the polysaccharide had a promising benefit for immunodulation in vivo. Furthermore, the polysaccharide increased the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells with 19.1% at 50µg /ml and 34.5% at 100µg /ml, which demonstrated the immunodulation mechanism was in close conjunction with macrophages. In conclusion, these results indicated that Agaricus bisporus (brown) polysaccharide possessed strong immunostimulatory and antitumor bioactivity in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, it could be explored as a novel natural antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity.

Secondary Metabolites in Fungi

“…As a result of the study, it was reported that GLT affects cancer cells by different mechanisms and may have potential therapeutic uses in cancer prevention and treatment (Qu et al,2017). Zhang et al (2014) reported that polysaccharides from A. bisporus have strong immunostimulatory and antitumor bioactivity in vivo and in vitro. In another study, researchers aimed to investigate the effects of G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) on prostate cancer (PCa) PC-3 cells and compared the dose-and time-dependent viability of GLP-treated PC-3 cells with the control group.…”

Immunomodulatory Fungi: An Alternative for the Treatment of Cancer

“…On the other hand, Agaricus bisporus is one of the most common and widely consumed mushrooms in Europe and America. It has been revealed that A. bisporus contains abundant and diverse nutritional substances, such as proteins (23.9% -dry weight), polysaccharides, fatty acids, vitamins (vitamin A, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), ascorbic acid (vitamin C ) that is lost if they are not fresh, ergosterine (pro-vitamin D2) and biotin (vitamin H), phenols, essential amino acids such as cysteine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, tyrosine, threonine and valine, and minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and selenium that gives it an antioxidant effect [20].…”

“…Polysaccharides are a diverse group of macromolecules that are divided into two classes: homopolysaccharides (starch, glycogen, dextrans, chitin) and heteropolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid, peptidoglycans, glycosaminoglycans). The polysaccharides that are mostly found in fungi are hetero-β-glucans, which have been shown to have immunomodulatory and antitumor properties, capable of restoring or improving the immune response both in vivo and in vitro [20], however, depending on the species of the fungus, the polysaccharides may differ in their chemical structure, molecular weight or degree and branching form, affecting their biological activity [49]. Several polysaccharides such as lentinan (β-glucan) and PSK (β-glucan-protein) have been shown to have effective antitumor action against a variety of animal tumors and have been used successfully in clinical treatments [20].…”

Mantarlarin Tibbi̇ Özelli̇kleri̇ İle İlgi̇li̇ i̇n Vi̇tro, i̇n Vi̇vo Ve Kli̇ni̇k Değerlendi̇rmeler

“…Finimundy ve ark [53],. çalışmalarında, L. edodes'in doğal tümör engelleyici ajan olabileceğini ve kanser hücresinin büyümesini önemli ölçüde engelleyebileceğini bildirmişlerdir.Zhang ve ark [54],. A. bisporus (kahverengi) polisakkaritlerinin in vivo ve in vitro kuvvetli bağışıklık sistemini uyarıcı ve tümör önleyici biyoaktiviteye sahip olduğunu rapor etmişlerdir.…”