The IMO initial strategy for reducing Greenhouse Gas(GHG) emissions, and its follow-up actions towards 2050

Abstract

At the 62nd Meeting (2011) of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (henceforth MEPC), the IMO had adopted the proposed amendment adding to the MARPOL Annex Chapter Ⅵ making it mandatory the EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) for new ships as well as the SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) for all ships. This was eventually for reducing GHG emissions from international shipping vessels, and has been effective since the 1st of January 2013 for ships weighing 400GT.Notably, at the 70th MEPC, the plan to develop a roadmap for the comprehensive IMO strategy on reducing GHGs from ships was approved, and as such, the plans including its shortterm, mid-term and long-term measures have been arranged in order to adopt the pertinent strategy by 2023.Following the approved roadmap, at the 72 nd MEPC (April, 2018), the first stage of reducing GHG emissions from ships was selected/passed as the Initial IMO strategy for the reduction of GHGs from ships (henceforth Initial IMO GHG Strategy), and at the 73 rd MEPC (October, 2018), subsequent programs following the Initial IMO GHG Strategy were arranged.In this paper, the following issues will be introduced and discussed 1) the initial IMO strategy for the reduction of GHG from ships, 2) the contents of the 73~74 MEPC meeting regarding the follow-up actions related GHG reduction programs until 2023 to be executed (including specific matters concerning the execution of potential short-term, mid-term and long-term measures) 3) the GHG reduction strategies, GHG response policies of IMO member states and 4) finally, trends in technological developments for GHG reduction from ships.

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“…In continuous steps, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) seeks to reduce the adverse effect of ship emissions by issuing the relative regulations within Annex VI of Marine Pollution Convention 78 (Ammar 2018 , 2019a ; Ammar and Seddiek 2017 ; Halff et al 2018 ; IMO 2018 , 2019 ). In addition to the international legislations, IMO pursues to urge those interested in the shipping industry to reach zero emissions ship either through the use of alternative fuels or a clean source of energy onboard ships (Ammar 2019b ; Joung et al 2020 ; Scott et al 2017 ). Regarding alternative fuels, all practical studies and researches proved that LNG can be considered an alternative and possible solution to replace conventional fuels in maritime shipping as it shows the lowest cost compared with the other alternative technologies (Elgohary et al 2014 ; Mohseni et al 2019 ).…”

An Experimental Study on Condition Diagnosis for Thrust Bearings in Oscillating Water Column Type Wave Power Systems

“…Korea also announced a significant reduction pledge of about 40% of the GHG emission forecast (GHG emission forecast, business, as usual, BAU) by 2030 [ 1 ]. In addition, it aims to reduce GHG by 70% by 2050 to enter the era of decarbonization for solving the emission of carbon dioxide, the ultimate cause of environmental pollution, within this century [ 2 ]. As a result, the interest in carbon-free and pollution-free new and renewable energy is greatly increasing.…”

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“…The International Maritime Organization (IMO) institutionalized the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) in 2013 to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of ships and is strengthening regulations. The goal is reducing the annual amount of GHG generated by international shipping by 2050 by at least 50% compared to 2008, so ships built after 2025 should reduce the amount of GHG by 30% compared to the standard value [1]. Methods to reduce the EEDI to satisfy the regulations include reducing the CO 2 conversion factor, the designed fuel consumption rate, or the designed engine power rate, as well as increasing the designed speed and the designed capacity volume [2].…”