The impact and opportunities of smart appliances on distribution networks

Abstract

Automation of domestic appliances to respond to time of use (TOUs) tariffs can bring benefits for users and electricity suppliers. However, consideration to potential impact on distribution networks should be given prior to designing the standards for smart appliances (SAs). A simulation of SAs scheduling according to a TOU tariff on a generic distribution network shows a risk of equipment overload and decrease in power quality. A controller for SAs located at the secondary substation transformer can alleviate these concerns and increase the network capacity margin at peak demand hours.

Matching Energy Consumption and Photovoltaic Production in a Retrofitted Dwelling in Subtropical Climate without a Backup System

“…The analysis of instant power graphs from Figures 9 and 10 demonstrates how PDe1 is distributed over a whole day and by circuit in Figure 11. Several studies [23,24,[42][43][44][45] identify the control of electric circuits as a solution to increase energy coupling, but in all cases using complex and expensive smart appliances, as well as building monitoring and control facilities, which is not the aim of this study. In Figure 11, C1 (DHW), C6 (COOK), C7 (WASH), and C8 (FRIDGE) provide the highest instant power values, but C8 (FRIDGE) cannot be rescheduled according to its own characteristics.…”

“…A 25.14% energy exchange back to the grid is suggested since it cannot be used even after the rescheduling of C1, C6, and C7. However, it is necessary to say, that although this energy exchange is interesting as a secondary option, it brings several difficulties to grid management, which should be considered at a bigger scale [43] such as transportation losses, peak voltage, and planning needs. Finally, the daily energy analysis in scenario 2 can be seen in Figure 14 and Table 6, which shows the benefits of the rescheduling applied.…”