“…3 For example, chronic infections are associated with one in six cancers globally, one in three in sub-Saharan Africa, but only one in thirty in Australasia. 4 Therefore, the inclusion of the two previously mentioned vaccines, together with cervical cancer screening in WHO's indicators for NCDs is positive. However, additional cancer risk factors include exposure to excess sunlight, air pollution, various occupational exposures, and many naturally occurring or industrial chemicals, which are all potential targets for primary prevention.…”