“…Yochum & Agarwal, 1987, Ferrari et al, 2010, Bottasso et al, 2013, Shan et al, 2014, Chang, et al, 2014 have noted that ports stimulate the economic growth of a country or region, whereas others (e.g. Kinsey, 1981, Gripaios & Gripaios, 1995, Jung, 2011, Deng et al, 2013 have argued that ports do not play any key role therein. The constant decline in the number of jobs at ports due to automation and the containerisation of goods has extricated the direct economic contribution of ports.…”