The Impact of a Revised National Childhood Immunization Schedule on Vaccination Defaulters

Tan, Ngiap Chuan; Pang, Jeremy; Koh, Yi Ling Eileen

doi:10.3390/vaccines11040859

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Addressing these factors through targeted interventions and policies is essential to improve immunization rates and ensure the health of these children. Geographical and economic factors, access to healthcare services, the grade of development of healthcare infrastructure, vaccine supply chain issues, sociocultural factors, political stability, and the government’s commitment to vaccination may modulate the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on DTP vaccination coverage [ 49 , 50 ]. One issue to be considered is that of inequalities within countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Impact on DTP Vaccination Trends in Africa: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis

Aguinaga-Ontoso

Guillen-Aguinaga

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Deaths due to vaccine-preventable diseases are one of the leading causes of death among African children. Vaccine coverage is an essential measure to decrease infant mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the healthcare system and may have disrupted vaccine coverage. Methods: DTP third doses (DTP3) Vaccine Coverage was extracted from UNICEF databases from 2012 to 2021 (the last available date). Joinpoint regression was performed to detect the point where the trend changed. The annual percentage change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was calculated for Africa and the regions. We compared DTP3 vaccination coverage in 2019–2021 in each country using the Chi-square test. Result: During the whole period, the vaccine coverage in Africa increased with an Annual Percent change of 1.2% (IC 95% 0.9–1.5): We detected one joinpoint in 2019. In 2019–2021, there was a decrease in DTP3 coverage with an APC of −3.5 (95% −6.0; −0,9). (p < 0.001). Vaccination rates decreased in many regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, especially in Eastern and Southern Africa. There were 26 countries (Angola, Cabo Verde, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eswatini, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, and Zimbabwe) where the vaccine coverage during the two years decreased. There were 10 countries (Angola, Cabo Verde, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, The Gambia, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, and Sudan) where the joinpoint regression detected a change in the trend. Conclusions. COVID-19 has disrupted vaccine coverage, decreasing it all over Africa.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Impact on DTP Vaccination Trends in Africa: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis

Aguinaga-Ontoso

Guillen-Aguinaga

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research has shown statistically significant differences in monthly vaccination rates between rural and urban regions [ 107 ]. The differences in vaccination trends across regions emphasize the necessity for customized public health approaches, called precision public health [ 107 , 108 ]. Policies must be region-specific, considering each area’s unique challenges and resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?

Aguinaga-Ontoso,

Guillén-Aguinaga,

Guillén-Aguinaga

et al. 2024

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: In the Americas, deaths by diseases avoidable with vaccines are a significant contributor to child mortality. An essential means of reducing this is through broad vaccine coverage. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a potential disruption to vaccine coverage due to its effects on the healthcare system. Objectives: this study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on DTP3 vaccination coverage in the Americas, investigating trends from 2012 to 2022 to identify significant changes, regional disparities, and the overall effect of the pandemic on progress towards global immunization targets. Methods: This study used the coverage data for the third dose of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine (DTP3) pulled from UNICEF databases spanning 2012 to 2022. We conducted a Joinpoint regression to identify points of significant trend changes. The annual percentage change (APC) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for America and its regions. We also used segmented regression analysis. Using the Chi-square test, we compared DTP3 vaccination coverage for each country between 2019 and 2022. Results: Overall, America saw a decrease in vaccine coverage during this period, with an APC of −1.4 (95% CI −1.8; −1.0). This trend varied across regions. In North America, the decrease was negligible (−0.1% APC). South America showed the steepest decrease, with an APC of −2.5%. Central America also declined, with an APC of −1.3%. Our findings suggest a concerning trend of declining DTP-vaccination rates in the Americas, exacerbated in certain regions, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The absolute decrease in vaccine coverage in the Americas was −4% between 2019 and 2022, with the most important drop being in Central America (−7%). However, six countries reported increased vaccination rates post-COVID-19, led by Brazil, with a 7% increase. Conversely, twenty-two countries registered a decline in DTP3 vaccine coverage, with the average decrease being −7.37%. This decline poses an important challenge to achieving the WHO’s target of 90% coverage for the third dose of DTP by 2030, as evidenced by the reduction in the number of countries meeting this target from 2019 to 2022. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted vaccine coverage in America, leading to a decrease, especially across Central America.

show abstract

“…Addressing these factors through targeted interventions and policies is essential to improve immunization rates and ensure the health of these children. Geographical and economic factors, access to healthcare services, the grade of development of healthcare infrastructure, vaccine supply chain issues, sociocultural factors, political stability, and the Government's commitment to vaccination may modulate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on DTP vaccination coverage [83,84]. We can observe that the countries that dropped out of the list in 2021 of those achieving WHO's DPT objectives are spread across Latin American and Caribbean regions.…”

Section: Looking To the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?

Aguinaga-Ontoso,

Guillén-Aguinaga,

Guillén-Aguinaga

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: In America, vaccine-related deaths constitute a significant contributor to child mortality. An essential means of reducing this is through broad vaccine coverage. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a potential disruption to vaccine coverage due to its effects on the healthcare system. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on DTP3 vaccination coverage in the Americas, investigating trends from 2012 to 2022 to identify significant changes, regional disparities, and the overall effect of the pandemic on progress towards global immunization targets. Methods: This study used the coverage data for the third dose of the Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccine (DTP3) pulled from UNICEF databases spanning 2012 to 2022. We conducted a JoinPoint regression to identify points of significant trend changes. The annual percentage change (APC) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for America and its regions. We also used segmented regression analysis. Using the Chi-square test, we compared DTP3 vaccination coverage for each country between 2019 and 2022. Results: Overall, America saw a decrease in vaccine coverage during this period, with an APC of -1.4 (95% CI -1.8.; -1.0). This trend varied across regions. In North America, the decrease was negligible (-0.1% APC). South America showed the steepest decrease, with an APC of -2.5%. Central America also signif-icantly declined, with an APC of -1.3%. Our findings suggest a concerning trend of declining DTP vaccination rates in the Americas, exacerbated in certain regions, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The absolute decrease in vaccine coverage in the Americas was -4 % between 2019 and 2022, with the most significant drop observed in Central America (-7 %). However, six countries reported increased vaccination rates post-COVID-19, led by Brazil, with a 7% increase. Conversely, twenty-two countries registered a decline in DTP3 vaccine coverage, with the average decrease being -7.37%. This decline poses a significant challenge to achieving the WHO's target of 90% coverage for the third dose of DTP by 2030, as evidenced by the reduction in the number of countries meeting this target from 2019 to 2022. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted vaccine coverage in America, leading to a decrease, especially across Central America.

show abstract

The Impact of a Revised National Childhood Immunization Schedule on Vaccination Defaulters

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

COVID-19 Impact on DTP Vaccination Trends in Africa: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis

COVID-19 Impact on DTP Vaccination Trends in Africa: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis

Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?

Has COVID-19 Affected DTP3 Vaccination in the Americas?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About