“…To evaluate whether standards and assessments are serving their intended purposes, consequential validity studies have been conducted in the past several years (e.g., Firestone, Mayrowetz, & Fairman, 1998;Lane, Parke, & Stone, 2002;Parke et al, 1999;Spillane & Zeuli, 1999;Stecher, Barron, Chun, & Ross, 2000). This aspect of validity evidence examines the impact that the standards and assessments have on curriculum, classroom instruction, and assessment practices, beliefs and attitudes, professional development support, preparation for the assessment, and decision-making.…”