The Impact of Access to Animal Health Services on Donkey Health and Livelihoods in Ethiopia

Curran, Marina Martin; Feseha, G.; Smith, Dave

doi:10.1007/s11250-005-9008-z

Cited by 42 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…This study confirmed that the prevalence and severity of wounds observed in equids working in the wood trade were higher than that of equids working outside the wood trade, but the prevalence of wounds observed in all 3 populations of equids was high (54% overall). The prevalence of pack wounds, however, was slightly lower than the estimated prevalence of pack wounds found in other studies of working equids in Ethiopia and Jordan (Curran et al. 2005: 77.5%; Biffa and Woldemeskel 2006: 72.1%; Burn et al.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Pack wounds of donkeys and mules in the Northern High Atlas and lowlands of Morocco

Sells

Pinchbeck

Mezzane

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReasons for performing study: Wounds are one of the primary welfare concerns of working equids and are often related to harness or load-bearing packs. Objectives: To identify and quantify factors associated with the presence of pack wounds in donkeys and mules working in the wood trade in the Midelt (Northern High Atlas) region of Morocco, and to compare wounds of these donkeys and mules to those working in other trades. Methods: The study population comprised equids working in the Midelt region involved in the wood trade. Comparison populations were comprised of equids working in other trades, in the same region and in Khemmiset region (lowlands of Central Morocco). Wounds were numbered and scored according to their severity. Questionnaires were used to gather data from owners, and objective data regarding the animal, berdaa (back-pack) and load were collected. Data were analysed using multilevel uniand multivariable regression models to allow for clustering of wound sites within an equid. Results: Analysis showed an overall pack wound prevalence of 54% (n = 80/147). The most common site was the withers. Equids working in the wood trade were at increased risk of suffering pack wounds. Equids in the lowland study population were at increased risk of developing pack wounds, and donkeys were at increased risk of suffering pack wounds compared to mules both overall and within the wood trade. Other factors affecting the prevalence of wounds included the cleanliness of the berdaa and the frequency and distances of work imposed on the equid. Conclusion: Pack wounds in donkeys and mules are common in the 2 study regions of Morocco and appear to be associated with work factors including the trade the equids work in, the frequency and distances of work imposed and cleanliness of the pack. Donkeys are more susceptible than mules to developing pack wounds. Potential relevance: These results allow recommendations to be made to owners of equids that may decrease the prevalence of wounds and, therefore, improve welfare and working capability of these equids. Research is required to identify reasons for regional difference in prevalence of pack wounds in equids not working in the wood trade.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Pack wounds of donkeys and mules in the Northern High Atlas and lowlands of Morocco

Sells

Pinchbeck

Mezzane

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Coding revealed that the thematic descriptions given by donkey‐owners to colic included bloating, anuria and anorexia. These are all clinical signs that may be consistent with a donkey affected by colic, a frequently reported problem in working donkeys 8. Horse‐owners had considerable knowledge of the clinical signs frequently observed in a horse affected by colic which included rolling and restlessness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Owner reported diseases of working equids in central Ethiopia

Stringer

Christley

Bell

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReasons for performing studyWorking horses, donkeys and mules suffer from numerous diseases and clinical problems. However, there is little information on what owners perceive as important health concerns in their working animals.ObjectivesTo identify and prioritise with owners the diseases and other health concerns in working equids in central Ethiopia using participatory methodologies.Study designParticipatory situation analysis (PSA).MethodsThe study was conducted with carthorse‐ and donkey‐owners in 16 sites in central Ethiopia. Multiple participatory methodologies were utilised, including ranking, matrices and focus group discussions. Owners’ perceptions on frequency, importance, morbidity and mortality of volunteered diseases and the clinical signs that owners attributed to each disease were obtained; information regarding the impact of these diseases and health concerns was also sought.ResultsA total of 40 separate disease and health problems were volunteered by carthorse‐ and donkey‐owners. Horse‐owners volunteered a musculoskeletal syndrome (with the local name ‘bird’, clinical signs suggest possible disease pathologies including equine exertional rhabdomyolysis), colic and epizootic lymphangitis most frequently, whereas donkey‐owners volunteered sarcoids, nasal discharge and wounds to occur most frequently. One problem (coughing) was volunteered frequently by both horse‐ and donkey‐owners. Owners demonstrated knowledge of differing manifestations and severity of these problems, which resulted in differing impacts on the working ability of the animal.ConclusionsAlthough many of the diseases and clinical signs had been previously reported, this study also identified some previously unreported priorities such as rabies in donkeys, an unidentified musculoskeletal syndrome in horses and respiratory signs in both horses and donkeys. The information gathered during this participatory study with owners may be used to inform future veterinary and educational programme interventions, as well as identify future research priorities.

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“…Unfortunately, carts, wounds, punctures and lacerations are a fact of life when one has mules and donkeys. The potential cause of equine wounds are almost endless: punctures from sharp object like metal and glass; shear wounds from barbed wire sticks; collusion injuries from falling or running in to the object and entrapment, such as getting a leg hung up in a rope or in a cattle are major cause of injury [26].…”

Section: Equinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wounds in working donkeys are seen on the leg, girth, tail, saddle and wither regions [26]. These wounds are often caused by a combination of poorly fitting and designed tack or harnesses, beating with sticks and improper management practices.…”

Section: Equinementioning

confidence: 99%

Major Animal Health Constraints of Market Oriented Livestock Development in Sidama Dale District Southern Region Ethiopia

Albe¹,

Feyera²

2016

J Vet Sci Technol

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Background: Knowing the status of major problems that constrain livestock development no doubt contributes to initiating projects that can help improve productivity and market success of Ethiopian farmers; aiming at contributing to reduction in poverty of the rural poor through market oriented agricultural development. The objective of this study is to characterize the livestock production system and investigating the major livestock health problems in the area.Methodology: Purposive sampling method was used to select 60 households from four peasant association (PA). A structured questionnaire was prepared and the heads of selected households were interviewed to collect data on production system characteristics and the importance of livestock health problems. Focus group discussion was also made with key respondents from each PA and the participants described the major husbandry problems in their area. Results:The results revealed that mixed crop-livestock production system is the predominant system and animals are kept in very limited grazing land. The livestock herd was dominated by poultry (36.4%), goat (19.51%), sheep (19.13%) and cattle (18.94%) while the cattle herd was dominated by cows (39.27%) and oxen (12.87%). The main roles of poultry in the area are for egg production (43.79%), sale (29.76%) and meat production (26.43%). The main role of cattle in the farming system is as a source of traction power (41.7%) for crop production while small ruminants as source of income (100%). Equines were used as pack and transport animals. The livestock feeding was mainly based on natural pasture (100%). In cattle; blackleg, mastitis, Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and calf diarrhea were the most important diseases. Ectoparasite and GIT parasitosis were the most important diseases in small ruminants. Colic and respiratory problems were considered important in equine. In poultry, Newcastle disease was the most devastating disease. Most of the respondents complained that animal feed followed by water shortage is serious problem in the livestock sector. Modern veterinary medicaments (95%) were known and used by most of the farmers, but traditional medicines were also used to a considerable extent (5%).

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The Impact of Access to Animal Health Services on Donkey Health and Livelihoods in Ethiopia

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Pack wounds of donkeys and mules in the Northern High Atlas and lowlands of Morocco

Pack wounds of donkeys and mules in the Northern High Atlas and lowlands of Morocco

Owner reported diseases of working equids in central Ethiopia

Major Animal Health Constraints of Market Oriented Livestock Development in Sidama Dale District Southern Region Ethiopia

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