The impact of acidic spring water on Gwrgay natural clay and its adsorption efficiency: a kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic comparison

Aziz, Bakhtyar K.

doi:10.1007/s11144-021-01998-7

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“…Even though activated carbon has the highest adsorption capacity for the adsorption of organic and inorganic species, due to its disadvantages (like cost and difficulties in separation and reactivation), researchers are continuously seeking cheap and more abundant adsorbents [24]. Agricultural waste [25, 26] and natural clay [27, 28] are mostly attracted materials after activated carbon. Clays are promising adsorbents because they are affordable and readily available, and they have a high capacity for the adsorption of a variety of organic and inorganic contaminants [29].…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficient Removal of Basic Fuchsin from Synthetic Medical Wastewater and Competitive Adsorption in the Mixture

Ahmed

Salihi

Kaufhold

et al. 2023

Adsorption Science & Technology

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The Ziehl-Neelsen stain is a mixture of Basic Fuchsin (BF), phenol (Ph), and methylene blue. It is used to stain the cell walls of Mycobacterium species. In this study, Basic Fuchsin was efficiently removed from synthetic wastewater using natural clay of Gankawa (GC) from Sulaimanyah city, and the effect of the presence of high concentrations of phenol in the adsorption mixture is demonstrated. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N2 gas adsorption analyzer, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize the natural clay. The clay was found to be mostly calcite, with a minor percentage of smectite, and contaminated with low percentages of illite. The adsorption kinetics show a relatively fast equilibration time (60-70 minutes). A second-order pseudokinetic model better fits the experimental kinetic data. The effect of the initial pH of the solution mixture was negligible at the experimental concentration range of the study. Freundlich and Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium experimental data using nonlinear regression curve fitting. Both kinetics and isotherm studies point to a chemical adsorption mechanism for the process. For adsorption in the mixture, phenol molecules were found to compete with BF molecules for the active adsorption sites, while a synergetic effect of BF exists on phenol adsorption. As a naturally abundant cheap material, GC shows a superior adsorption capacity toward BF (287.0 mg g-1) over all natural materials and most of the synthetic or modified materials found in the literature.

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