The impact of acute kidney injury by serum creatinine or urine output criteria on major adverse kidney events in cardiac surgery patients

Acute kidney injury in the critically ill: an updated review on pathophysiology and management

“…Controversy on how to determine baseline kidney function is another drawback of the consensus definition. Despite the concerns about oliguria as a marker of kidney function, there is evidence that oliguria identifies patients with worse outcomes [6,7]. In addition, because of the long half-life of creatinine and the presence of renal functional reserve (renal reserve capacity that can be recruited before basal GFR starts to decline [8]), Scr requires time to accurately reflect GFR resulting in delayed recognition of kidney dysfunction.…”

Urinary EGF and MCP-1 and risk of CKD after cardiac surgery

“…Globally, over 1 million patients undergo cardiac surgery every year (1, 2). Although perioperative mortality rate is low, many survivors develop long-term chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a late complication (3)(4)(5). Thus, cardiac surgery indirectly contributes to CKD burden, especially because many patients have pre-existing risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and older age (6,7).…”

Commentary: Deepening our understanding of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: New insights into prediction of persistent acute kidney injury and implications for management

“…Even mild forms of AKI have potentially adverse long-term effects. 1 This has been globally recognized, and as a result, efforts to understand and treat cardiac-surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI) have been a growing trend. These include AKI prevention and hemodynamic optimization efforts, and more recently, stratification of the AKI spectrum.…”