The Impact of Adiposity and Puberty on Thyroid Function in Children and Adolescents

Giannakopoulos, Aris; Lazopoulou, Natalia; Pervanidou, Panagiota; Kanaka‐Gantenbein, Christina

doi:10.1089/chi.2019.0025

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The finding of significantly more conduct problems in children and adolescents with higher BMI-SDS is more surprising, as previous studies did not find such association [ 23 , 24 ]. Various studies have documented an altered hormone balance in children and adolescents with obesity [ 48 , 49 ]. Since various hormones can also influence behavior, this could be a reason for more frequent conduct problems in children and adolescents with higher BMI-SDS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity

et al. 2023

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Background Overweight and obesity represent huge concerns for children's physical and mental well-being. This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), somatoform complaints, and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. Additionally, the influence of sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES) on these associations was considered. Methods In total, we studied 2350 participants between the ages of 4 and 18 years (1213 4- to 10-years-old (child sample) and 1137 11-to 18-year-olds (adolescent sample)). To assess HRQoL, somatoform complaints, and behavioral difficulties, we applied the KIDSCREEN-27, a short form of the Giessen Complaints Questionnaire, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The BMI was transformed to BMI standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS), according to German gender- and age-specific reference data. Associations were investigated using linear regression analyses. Each association was checked for interaction with sex, age, and SES. Results Regarding HRQoL, we found worsening scores in physical well-being and psychological well-being with increasing BMI-SDS. Somatoform complaints were not significantly associated with BMI-SDS. Conduct problems, peer relationship problems, and emotional problems (the latter only in the adolescent sample) were positively associated with BMI-SDS. While we did not observe any significant interactions with sex, we found some significant interactions with age and/or SES. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of mental difficulties in children and adolescents with higher BMI and, consequently, underline the relevance of including psychological interventions in the treatment of overweight or obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity

et al. 2023

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“…Aside from studies that show the reverse, there are other studies that show a positive association between blood TSH levels and BMI. 5 , 31 On the other hand, Giannakopoulos et al 32 indicated that whereas BMI and TSH had a positive relationship in prepubertal girls and boys with obesity, this correlation is not maintained after the onset of puberty. They suggested that pubertal levels of estradiol could be responsible for this dissociation between BMI and TSH by obtaining the leptin-mediated increase in TSH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated Hyperthyrotropinemia Adversely Influences Lipid Metabolism in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Kızılay¹,

Ateş²

2022

Turk Arch Pediatrics

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Objective The aim of this study is to look at the relationship between hyperthyrotropinemia and anthropometric measurements as well as cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children and adolescents. Materials and Methods A total of 100 patients with isolated hyperthyrotropinemia and 124 patients with normal thyroid functions, between 10 and 18 years of age, were included in the study. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements and biochemical parameters were recorded. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios were calculated. Results The subjects’ mean age was 12.6 ± 1.9 years and their mean body mass index was 29.8 ± 4 kg/m 2 . The isolated hyperthyrotropinemia group had considerably greater levels of triglyceride, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Higher prevalences of hypertriglyceridemia and increased triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were found in the group with isolated hyperthyrotropinemia. Thyroid-stimulating hormone had a statistically significant positive relationship with triglyceride, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, as well as an inverse relationship with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was positively correlated with triglyceride and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in both females and males; however, only in females, thyroid-stimulating hormone was positively correlated with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. The triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, as well as the rates of hypertriglyceridemia were higher in children with isolated hyperthyrotropinemia in the female subgroup. Male children with isolated hyperthyrotropinemia had significantly higher triglyceride levels in comparison with males with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone. Conclusion The present study suggested that isolated hyperthyrotropinemia is associated with the deterioration of lipid metabolism, especially in females. Since dyslipidemia is accepted as a cardiovascular disease risk factor, isolated hyperthyrotropinemia might negatively influence cardiovascular functions in obese children and adolescents.

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“…Cohort studies in children and adolescents have found an association between elevated TSH levels or SH and obesity (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). An association has also been demonstrated between SH and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF), such as hypercholesterolemia (18,19), carotid intima thickness (19) and glucose dysmetabolism (20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of TSH levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in US youth aged 12-18 years and population-based reference percentiles for thyroid function tests

Chen

Deng

Sena

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Context: Thyroid hormones play an important role in the metabolic homeostasis of the body and have been associated with cardiometabolic risk. Objective: To examine the association of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) with TSH levels in youth at population level in the US. Design & Setting: Cross-sectional study of youth aged 12-18 years without known thyroid abnormalities from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2012. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) was defined as TSH levels 4.5-10 mIU/L. Assessed CMRF included abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 90th percentile), hypertriglyceridemia (TG ≥ 130 mg/dL), low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C < 40 mg/dL), elevated blood pressure (SBP and DBP ≥ 90th percentile), hyperglycemia (FBG ≥ 100 mg/dL, or known diabetes), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 3.16) and elevated alanine transferase (ALT ≥ 50 U/L for boys and ≥ 44 U/L for girls). Age and sex- specific percentiles for thyroid parameters were calculated for youth with normal weight. Results: In this cohort of youth (51.3% male), 31.2% had overweight/obesity. The prevalence of SH was 2.0 % (95% CI 1.2-3.1). The median TSH levels were higher in youth with overweight/obesity (p<.001). Adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity and level of obesity, youth with TSH in the 4th quantile had higher odds of abdominal obesity (OR 2.53 [1.43-4.46], p = .002), higher HOMA-IR (OR 2.82 [1.42-5.57], p=.003) and ≥ 2 CMRF (OR 2.20 [1.23-3.95], p=.009). Conclusions: The prevalence of SH is low in US youth. The higher odds of insulin resistance and CMRF in youth with TSH levels > 75th percentile requires further study.

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The Impact of Adiposity and Puberty on Thyroid Function in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Mental health in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity

Mental health in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity

Isolated Hyperthyrotropinemia Adversely Influences Lipid Metabolism in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Relationship of TSH levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in US youth aged 12-18 years and population-based reference percentiles for thyroid function tests

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