The Impact of Advice on Women's and Men's Selection into Competition

Brandts, Jordi; Groenert, Valeska; Rott, Christina

doi:10.1287/mnsc.2013.1877

Cited by 56 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that they are also less likely to compete. This is supported by Brandts et al (2015) who confirm that a lack of self-confidence in own relative ability negatively affects the decision to compete. Why is this relevant in our context?…”

Section: Literature Review and Conjecturesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Why Do Women Favor Same-Gender Competition? Evidence from a Choice Experiment

et al. 2017

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in This version April 2017Abstract This paper addresses the behavioral puzzle of women's preference for competition when competitors are also women. Using a framed field experiment with 883 non-standard subjects, we show that none of the determinants of competitive behavior in general, including ability, self-confidence, and risk aversion, provide a satisfying explanation for women's substantive gender-related selection into competition. Nonetheless, women who are overconfident, i.e. over-estimate own abilities in performing a task, enter competition regardless of the gender-mix. Hence, the gender-pairing phenomenon is driven by women who correctly estimate or under-estimate own ability. We conclude that this is due to stereotypes about women's underperformance compared to men.

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Section: Literature Review and Conjecturesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Why Do Women Favor Same-Gender Competition? Evidence from a Choice Experiment

et al. 2017

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“…Gender differences in behavior under competitive pressures on the one hand, and in attitudes towards competition on the other, have been recognized for over a decade now (Gneezy et al 2003;Niederle and Vesterlund 2007;Balafoutas and Sutter 2012;Wozniak et al 2014;Brandts et al 2015). The existing literature has predominantly focused on one particular dimension of competition, which is a rivalry for resources (Stigler 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social-status ranking: a hidden channel to gender inequality under competition

2018

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Competition involves two main dimensions, a rivalry for resources and the ranking of relative performance. If socially recognized, the latter yields a ranking in terms of social status. The rivalry for resources resulting from competitive incentives has been found to negatively affect women's performance relative to that of men. However, little is known about gender differences in the performance consequences of social-status ranking. In our experiments we introduce a novel design that allows us to isolate the effects of status ranking from those caused by a rivalry for resources. Subjects do a time-limited task where they need to search for numbers and add them up. Performance is straightforwardly measured by the number of correct summations. When there is no status ranking we find no gender differences in the number of attempted summations or in performance. By contrast, when there is status ranking men significantly increase the number of attempted -018-9563-6 summations as well as the number of correct summations. Remarkably, when women are subjected to status ranking, they significantly decrease the number of attempted summations. The net result is striking. With status ranking men attempt more summations and correctly solve many more than women. These differences are markedly large and statistically highly significant. Our results suggest that increased participation in competitive environments could harm women's labor market success along a hidden channel.

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“…As mentioned before, giving advice or sharing evidence of gender differences in behavior and their consequences might already be helpful. Encouragingly, a recent laboratory experiment shows that advice increases entry into tournaments among highperforming women (Brandts et al, 2015). It is important to note, however, that a lower appetite for risk and competition might actually be beneficial in certain contexts.…”

Section: Drivers Of the Gender Gap In Choicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Do Not Play Their Aces - The Consequences of Shying Away

Claussen

Czibor

Praag³

2016

AMPROC

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The underrepresentation of women at the top of hierarchies is often explained by gender differences in preferences. We find support for this claim by analyzing a large dataset from an online card game community, a stylized yet natural setting characterized by self-selection into an uncertain, competitive and male-dominated environment. We observe gender differences in playing behavior consistent with women being more averse towards risk and competition. Moreover, we demonstrate how "shying away" makes female players less successful: despite no gender gap in playing skills, women accumulate lower scores than men due to their relative avoidance of risky and competitive situations. JEL-codes: D03, J24, M52

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The Impact of Advice on Women's and Men's Selection into Competition

Cited by 56 publications

References 36 publications

Why Do Women Favor Same-Gender Competition? Evidence from a Choice Experiment

Why Do Women Favor Same-Gender Competition? Evidence from a Choice Experiment

Social-status ranking: a hidden channel to gender inequality under competition

Women Do Not Play Their Aces - The Consequences of Shying Away

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