The impact of age at orchiopexy on testicular cancer outcomes

Higgins, Margaret; Smith, Derek E.; Gao, Dexiang; Wilcox, Duncan T.; Cost, Nicholas G.; Saltzman, Amanda F.

doi:10.1007/s00345-019-03034-9

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…3 A secondary analysis of the Pettersson data by Higgins et al demonstrated that at all ages, the cancer incidence rate per 1,000 men with cryptorchidism is higher for those who were treated at a later age, and that the number needed to treat to prevent 1 case of testicular cancer decreases with age at the time of orchiopexy. 6 These findings underscore the importance of understanding the risk of malignancy specifically in older boys and adolescents with cryptorchidism and of taking an evidence-based approach to the management of these cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Malignancy Yield of Testis Pathology in Older Boys and Adolescents with Cryptorchidism

McQuaid

Paulson

et al. 2022

Journal of Urology

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Purpose:We performed a retrospective, single-institution study to characterize the pathological findings of testis tissue specimens from older boys and adolescents with cryptorchidism.Materials and Methods:With institutional review board approval, pathology reports were obtained for testicular specimens from patients age 10 years or older at a pediatric hospital from 1994 to 2016. Reports were excluded if they lacked clinical records, lacked testicular parenchyma, were from a descended testis or were from a patient with differences of sexual development. Variables of interest included age, testis location, procedure and pathological findings. Presence of malignancy among intra-abdominal versus extra-abdominal undescended testes was compared using Fisher’s Exact Test.Results:Seventy-one patients met inclusion criteria. The median age was 15.3 years (range 10.1–27.7). None had a history of testicular malignancy. Forty-five unilateral orchiectomies, 22 unilateral orchiopexies with biopsy and 4 bilateral procedures were performed. Seventeen testes (22.7%) were intra-abdominal, 42 (56.0%) were in the inguinal canal, 9 (12.0%) were at the external inguinal ring, 3 (4.0%) were in the superficial inguinal pouch and 4 (5.3%) were in the scrotum. Malignancy was detected in 2/71 patients (2.8%). By location, 2/16 patients (12.5%) with intra-abdominal testis and 0/55 patients (0%) with extra-abdominal testis demonstrated malignancy (p=0.048).Conclusions:Among males with cryptorchidism ages 10 years and older without differences of sexual development, 2/16 patients with intra-abdominal testis and 0/55 patients with extra-abdominal testis demonstrated malignancy. In older boys and adolescents, orchiectomy or biopsy is indicated for intra-abdominal testes but may not be necessary for extra-abdominal undescended testes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Malignancy Yield of Testis Pathology in Older Boys and Adolescents with Cryptorchidism

McQuaid

Paulson

et al. 2022

Journal of Urology

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“…The hereditary character of cryptorchidism in dogs makes it hard, and almost unethical, to perform this surgery on cryptorchid males (8,19). Moreover, cryptorchidism can be associated with other congenital abnormalities (8,20), and the risks of developing a neoplasia in testicles subjected to orchiopexy are higher (6,9). The aim of this case study is to assess the sperm parameters in two cryptorchid dogs; however, for all the aforementioned reasons, orchiopexy should not be suggested by practicians to cryptorchid dogs owners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment of cryptorchidism by orchiopexy in dogs is a controversial topic, as cryptorchidism is a hereditary trait, and the risks of testicular neoplasia are still present in these animals (9). This surgery is no longer performed in veterinary hospitals, and cryptorchid dogs should not be included in reproductive programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Orchiopexy in Two Poodle Dogs and Its Effect on Their Sperm Quality Parameters

Mahiddine¹,

Kim²

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Cryptorchidism is a common congenital abnormality encountered in veterinary clinics. The treatment of choice for this condition is a surgical procedure named orchiectomy or orchidectomy, where the retained testicle is removed. Surgical placement and fixation of the cryptorchid testicle into the scrotum, referred to as orchiopexy, is used in humans. However, due to the hereditary nature of cryptorchidism in dogs, this treatment option has not been proposed in veterinary clinics. Two adult Poodle dogs were referred to our research facility for a sperm parameter evaluation check. The two dogs were unilateral cryptorchid dogs treated with orchiopexy before the age of 6 months. Their sperm kinematics and morphology were within normal ranges, and their libido and testicles sizes were normal. Treatment of unilateral cryptorchidism by orchiopexy in dogs before the age of 6 months successfully restored spermatogenic function and sperm quality-related parameters. However, due to the nature of this condition, orchiectomy remains the treatment of choice.

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“…Along those lines, Higgins et al estimated that surgeons would need to perform 95 orchiopexies for patients with UDT between the ages of 6 months and 15 years in order to prevent a single TC and perform 1,366 similar orchiopexies to prevent 1 TC death. 9 In this issue of The Journal, Xu et al (page 694) examine testis pathological specimens among adolescents who underwent surgery for UDT. 10 Their data provide a unique insight into the risk of TC in adolescent UDT.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%