The Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Occupational Attainment in England

MacDonald, Ziggy; Shields, Michael A.

doi:10.1111/1468-0335.00254

Cited by 98 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We also controlled for a measure of human capital, or an individual's physical and mental aptitude and education or job experiences that have economic value (Bruce, 1990). Human capital measures have been found in previous studies to be correlated with both alcohol consumption and occupation (Barnes & Brown, 2012;Kenkel et al, 1994;MacDonald & Shields, 2001). Participants' Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) scores assessed in the 1989 wave of the NLSY were used as our proxy measure of human capital (Keng & Huffman, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of occupational attributes and excessive drinking

Barnes

Zimmerman

2013

Social Science & Medicine

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Numerous work-related drinking mechanisms have been posited and, oftentimes, examined in isolation. We combined data from over 100 occupational attributes into several factors and tested the association of these factors with measures of alcohol use. We used the NLSY79 2006 wave, a U.S. representative sample of 6,426 workers ages 41 to 49 and the 2006 Occupational Information Network database (O*NET), a nationally representative sample of nearly 1,000 occupations. We conducted exploratory factor analysis on 119 occupational attributes and found three independent workplace characteristics -physical demands, job autonomy, and social engagement -explained the majority of the variation. We then tested the association of these composite attributes with three drinking measures, before and after adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, and a measure of human capital using count data models. We then stratified by gender and repeated our analyses. Men working in occupations with a one standard deviation higher level of physical demand (e.g. construction) reported a higher number of heavy drinking occasions (+20%, p<0.05). Job autonomy was not significantly associated with measures of alcohol use and when the combined association of higher levels of physical demand and lower levels of job autonomy was examined, modest support for job strain as a mechanism for work-related alcohol consumption was found. In our pooled sample, working in occupations with one standard deviation higher levels of social engagement was associated with lower numbers of drinking days (−9%, p<0.05) after adjustment. Physical demand and social engagement were associated with alcohol consumption measures but these relationships varied by workers' gender. Future areas of research should include confirmatory analyses using other waves of O*Net data and replicating the current analysis in other samples of workers. If our results are validated, they suggest male workers in high physical demand occupations could be targets for intervention.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of occupational attributes and excessive drinking

Barnes

Zimmerman

2013

Social Science & Medicine

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“…MacDonald and Shields (2001) suggest that the positive effect of moderate alcohol use on income may be related to social networking. They argue that consuming alcohol often coincides with socialising and hence spending more time with work colleagues and management.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common way to deal with the problem of endogeneity is through the Instrumental Variables (IV) approach, whereby an instrument is used as a proxy for the endogenous explanatory variable X, that is highly correlated with X but is uncorrelated with the error term of the demand equation (Gujarati, 1995). A difficulty however with this method is finding suitable instruments (MacDonald & Shields, 2001;Milbourne, Otto, & Voss, 2003). Many studies that look at the effects of lifestyle variables use panel data whereby original data is used which is then supplemented by follow-up panel data as advantage can be taken from the exogenous variables from the follow up data (Contoyannis & Jones, 2004;French & Popovici, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of alcohol consumption on household income in Ireland

Ormond

Murphy

2016

Alcohol

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This paper presents a study of the effects of alcohol consumption on household income in Ireland using the Slán National Health and Lifestyle Survey 2007 dataset, accounting for endogeneity and selection bias. Drinkers are categorised into one of four categories based on the recommended weekly drinking levels by the Irish Health Promotion Unit; those who never drank, non-drinkers, moderate and heavy drinkers. A multinomial logit OLS Two Step Estimate is used to explain individual's choice of drinking status and to correct for selection bias which would result in the selection into a particular category of drinking being endogenous. Endogeneity which may arise through the simultaneity of drinking status and income either due to the reverse causation between the two variables, income affecting alcohol consumption or alcohol consumption affecting income, or due to unobserved heterogeneity, is addressed. This paper finds that the household income of drinkers is higher than that of non-drinkers and of those who never drank. There is very little difference between the household income of moderate and heavy drinkers, with heavy drinkers earning slightly more. Weekly household income for those who never drank is €454.20, non-drinkers is €506.26, compared with €683.36 per week for moderate drinkers and €694.18 for heavy drinkers

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“…32 The costs of harmful alcohol use associated with the workplace and the wider economy are extremely difficult to estimate. The UK Cabinet Office (2003) focuses on two types of costs related to reduced output: (a) employee absenteeism (alcohol misuse increases the average number of days of sickness); and (b) unemployment and lower activity rates through a 'discouraged worker' effect (MacDonald and Shields 2001). This paper adds the figures for the valuation of the lost output for the victims of crime and drink-driving.…”

Section: Uk Cabinet Office Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol taxation and regulation in the European Union

Cnossen

2007

Int Tax Public Finance

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This article surveys alcohol consumption, taxation and regulation in the European Union (EU). It uses the estimates of cost-of-illness studies to gauge the external costs of harmful alcohol use. In all but one member state, the costs exceed alcohol excise duty collections. An optimal alcohol excise is difficult to design, because the welfare gains from a reduction in socially costly heavy drinking must be balanced against the welfare loss from a fall in moderate drinking. This suggests that while an alcohol excise increase may be efficiency improving, complementary regulatory measures, which focus on specific problem groups, should be an important element of the policy package. A case can also be made for reducing wasteful crossborder shopping by raising the minimum duties on wine, beer and spirits, preferably in line with their relative alcohol content.

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The Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Occupational Attainment in England

Cited by 98 publications

References 38 publications

Associations of occupational attributes and excessive drinking

Associations of occupational attributes and excessive drinking

The effect of alcohol consumption on household income in Ireland

Alcohol taxation and regulation in the European Union

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