The Impact of Alcoholic Beverages on Human Health

Anderson, Peter

doi:10.3390/nu13124417

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Most common diseases with a high morbidity and mortality, such as CVD [109], T2DM [110,111], cancer [112], and digestive diseases [113], are related to the total amount of ET ingested, the pattern of consumption, and the type of alcoholic beverage consumed. For most diseases, dose-response curves grow from zero consumption upwards, with many exponential curves [114]. It is therefore evident that even the occasional consumption of beverages with a high ET content (e.g., spirits) and/or chronic abuse of any alcoholic substance is deleterious, and that there is no beneficial reason to start consuming any kind of alcoholic beverage [115,116].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate

Lombardo¹,

Feraco

Camajani

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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A strong controversy persists regarding the effect of red wine (RW) consumption and health. Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers discourage alcohol consumption in any form, but several studies have demonstrated that low RW intake may have positive effects on CVD risk. This review evaluated randomised controlled trials (RCTs), examining the recent literature on the correlations between acute and chronic RW consumption and health. All RCTs published in English on PubMed from 1 January 2000 to 28 February 2023 were evaluated. Ninety-one RCTs were included in this review, seven of which had a duration of more than six months. We assessed the effect of RW on: (1) antioxidant status, (2) cardiovascular function, (3) coagulation pathway and platelet function, (4) endothelial function and arterial stiffness, (5) hypertension, (6) immune function and inflammation status, (7) lipid profile and homocysteine levels, (8) body composition, type 2 diabetes and glucose metabolism, and (9) gut microbiota and the gastrointestinal tract. RW consumption mostly results in improvements in antioxidant status, thrombosis and inflammation markers, lipid profile, and gut microbiota, with conflicting results on hypertension and cardiac function. Notably, beneficial effects were observed on oxidative stress, inflammation, and nephropathy markers, with a modest decrease in CVD risk in five out of seven studies that evaluated the effect of RW consumption. These studies were conducted mainly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and had a duration between six months and two years. Additional long-term RCTs are needed to confirm these benefits, and assess the potential risks associated with RW consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate

Lombardo¹,

Feraco

Camajani

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…Alcohol is a substance that the human body can metabolize and eliminate; however, its presence in the blood is not trivial, since alcohol is teratogenic, genotoxic, carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, and neurotoxic [25].…”

Section: Metabolism Of Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Effects in Early Stages of Embryo Development Due to Alcohol Consumption

González-Flores,

Márquez,

Casimiro

2024

IJMS

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Alcohol, a widely consumed drug, exerts significant toxic effects on the human organism. This review focuses on its impact during fetal development, when it leads to a spectrum of disorders collectively termed Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Children afflicted by FASD exhibit distinct clinical manifestations, including facial dysmorphism, delayed growth, and neurological and behavioral disorders. These behavioral issues encompass diminished intellectual capacity, memory impairment, and heightened impulsiveness. While the precise mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced fetal damage remain incompletely understood, research indicates a pivotal role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are released during alcohol metabolism, inciting inflammation at the cerebral level. Ethanol metabolism amplifies the generation of oxidant molecules, inducing through alterations in enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems responsible for cellular homeostasis. Alcohol consumption disrupts endogenous enzyme activity and fosters lipid peroxidation in consumers, potentially affecting the developing fetus. Addressing this concern, administration of metformin during the prenatal period, corresponding to the third trimester of human pregnancy, emerges as a potential therapeutic intervention for mitigating FASD. This proposed approach holds promise for ameliorating the adverse effects of alcohol exposure on fetal development and warrants further investigation.

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“…Ethanol is actually teratogenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic to the brain, causes injury and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases (i.e., HIV, TB, pneumonia and COVID-19 infection) [ 151 ].…”

Section: The Impact Of Alcohol Consumption On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate Wine Consumption and Health: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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Although it is clearly established that the abuse of alcohol is seriously harmful to health, much epidemiological and clinical evidence seem to underline the protective role of moderate quantities of alcohol and in particular of wine on health. This narrative review aims to re-evaluate the relationship between the type and dose of alcoholic drink and reduced or increased risk of various diseases, in the light of the most current scientific evidence. In particular, in vitro studies on the modulation of biochemical pathways and gene expression of wine bioactive components were evaluated. Twenty-four studies were selected after PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar searches for the evaluation of moderate alcohol/wine consumption and health effects: eight studies concerned cardiovascular diseases, three concerned type 2 diabetes, four concerned neurodegenerative diseases, five concerned cancer and four were related to longevity. A brief discussion on viticultural and enological practices potentially affecting the content of bioactive components in wine is included. The analysis clearly indicates that wine differs from other alcoholic beverages and its moderate consumption not only does not increase the risk of chronic degenerative diseases but is also associated with health benefits particularly when included in a Mediterranean diet model. Obviously, every effort must be made to promote behavioral education to prevent abuse, especially among young people.

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The Impact of Alcoholic Beverages on Human Health

Abstract: As summarized in the World Health Organization’s latest Global Status Report on Alcohol, the pleasure of alcohol is indicated by the fact that, worldwide, just over two-fifths of the population aged 15+ years drink alcohol; 2 [...]

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate

Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate

Oxidative Effects in Early Stages of Embryo Development Due to Alcohol Consumption

Moderate Wine Consumption and Health: A Narrative Review

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