The impact of aluminum impurity on the regenerated lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode materials from spent LIBs

Ren, Jie; Li, Ruhong; Liu, Yuanlong; Cheng, Yarui; Mu, Deying; Zheng, Rujuan; Liu, Jianchao; Dai, Changsong

doi:10.1039/c7nj01206c

Cited by 56 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Most technologies of recycling for spent LIBs have focused on the recycling of active materials such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , and LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 (NCM) because of their higher economic values. − The cathode consists of active materials and minor amounts of carbon powder and polymer binder, all of which are coated on Al foil current collector by cohesive force of the polymer binder. Peeling cathode material from Al foil is an important step for the recycling of cathode active materials, as it eliminates interference of the Al element to the subsequent recycling procedures and the metal current collector can also be recovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Electrochemical Strategy to Recovery of Cathode and Efficient Lithium Leaching from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Liu

Yang

Lai

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is of great importance for environmental protection and resusing resources. This work proposes a green and environmentally friendly recycling strategy of LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 cathode material for spent batteries by an electrochemical method. In the designed electrolysis cell, the produced gaseous species from oxidation of solvent molecules occurring at the interfaces between electrode/cathode materials and active particles/binder exert the force to separate bonded particles from current collector. Meanwhile, the efficient leaching of lithium (>98%) into electrolyte was achieved under an electric field without additional leaching process. The Al can also be recovered in the form of metallic foil. The separation of active material, the selective leaching of lithium, and recovery of Al foil are conducted by one-step electrolysis in a short operating cycle. The remaining transition metals in residues were reused to synthesize LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 material. As the cathode material, the regenerated active material delivers an initial capacity of 161 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C and 88.3% remains after 200 cycles. The superior cycling stability is comparable to the unused commercial batteries. This innovative approach can be readily extended to recover other types of cathode materials for spent lithium-ion batteries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Electrochemical Strategy to Recovery of Cathode and Efficient Lithium Leaching from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Liu

Yang

Lai

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Ren at al. studied the effect of Al impurities on the capacity of regenerated NMC cathodes [106], and concluded that no significant effect was observed when the molar ratio of Al/(Ni + Co + Mn) was below 3 to 100, but capacity could decrease by 40% if this threshold was exceeded. In addition to Al current collector dissolution, a pre-leaching step may be allowed to remove plated Cu contaminating Li-ion cathode.…”

Section: Removal Of Current Collector and Bindermentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

et al. 2020

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An exponential market growth of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has been observed in the past 20 years; approximately 670,000 tons of LIBs have been sold in 2017 alone. This trend will continue owing to the growing interest of consumers for electric vehicles, recent engagement of car manufacturers to produce them, recent developments in energy storage facilities, and commitment of governments for the electrification of transportation. Although some limited recycling processes were developed earlier after the commercialization of LIBs, these are inadequate in the context of sustainable development. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to replace the commonly employed pyrometallurgical recycling method with a less detrimental approach, such as hydrometallurgical, in particular sulfate-based leaching, or direct recycling. Sulfate-based leaching is the only large-scale hydrometallurgical method currently used for recycling LIBs and serves as baseline for several pilot or demonstration projects currently under development. Conversely, most project and processes focus only on the recovery of Ni, Co, Mn, and less Li, and are wasting the iron phosphate originating from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. Although this battery type does not dominate the LIB market, its presence in the waste stream of LIBs causes some technical concerns that affect the profitability of current recycling processes. This review explores the current processes and alternative solutions to pyrometallurgy, including novel selective leaching processes or direct recycling approaches.

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“…Ren et al [82] revealed the effect of Al impurity on the regenerated NCM material from its electrochemical performance. Ren et al [82] revealed the effect of Al impurity on the regenerated NCM material from its electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Resynthesis Of Ncmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the impurities like Al may exist in these type of processes during their separation from cathode material and would affect the material performance when increase to a certain level. Ren et al revealed the effect of Al impurity on the regenerated NCM material from its electrochemical performance. Li[(Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ) 1− x Al x ]O 2 has been synthesized with the different amount of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 with respect to other metal ions in the leachate by means of solid‐state synthesis.…”

Section: Spent Materials In Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Natarajan

Aravindan

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

230

126

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Where sustainability is concerned, recycling of reutilizable wastes will always occupy the apex of the green chemistry research. Handling electronic wastes in a green manner without affecting the ecology and human health is one of the main challenges for material chemists and gains top priority among other fields of research. At present, handling and recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is a key priority. Due to these environmental concerns, massive interest has been triggered in various crystal structures of metal oxides, and different kinds of carbon materials that provide the opportunities to replace the commercial LIBs for energy storage and conversion applications in a cost‐effective manner. Reports are available on the recycling of spent LIBs, but these reports mainly focus on the metal recovery process rather than finding suitable applications for the recovered material. This present work exclusively summarizes the global demand for LIB raw materials, tactics in the resynthesis process along with the wide range of growing applications of spent LIB materials. Finally, the future prospects of applications that utilize spent LIB materials are addressed.

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The impact of aluminum impurity on the regenerated lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode materials from spent LIBs

Abstract: An effective recycling process from spent LIBs has been developed, and the tolerability of aluminum was studied in this work.

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

Innovative Electrochemical Strategy to Recovery of Cathode and Efficient Lithium Leaching from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Innovative Electrochemical Strategy to Recovery of Cathode and Efficient Lithium Leaching from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

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