With the continuous development of the Internet of Things technology, the latest information technology represented by the network, digital, and intelligence is changing people’s work, learning, and lifestyle and bringing new development space to education. The physical education curriculum management system in colleges and universities brings convenience to teachers and students, facilitates the centralized management of students by teachers, ensures the safety of students in physical education classes, and reduces the risk of injury to students in physical education classes. The innovative construction of college physical education curriculum is a systematic project, which aims to deepen educational reform, improve the physical condition of students, and enable students to experience advanced teaching methods. At the same time, university physical education teachers have a degree of higher education, provide information, and promote interaction with students. This improves the quality and ability of teachers and students themselves. The paper proposes related research on the design of college physical education curriculum management system based on the Internet of Things. Through the use of Internet of Things wireless channel technology and UWB indoor positioning technology, combined with the impact of the Internet of Things on cognition, the arrangement of physical education courses and student positioning and sign-in are designed, and the results of the system test are found. Compared with the previous system,. this system has improved the positioning and sign-in accuracy of physical education courses by 5–10%, and the efficiency of physical education courses has also increased by 2–5%.