“…Microwave imaging has been successfully used as a non-destructive remote sensing modality in subsurface targets surveys, including structural assessment [1], landmine detection [2][3][4], and geological exploration [5,6]. Holographic subsurface radar (HSR) is one such technology that uses electromagnetic waves in a frequency band with a narrow width at several discrete frequencies and employs plane scanning of a surface to record subsurface radar holograms with high resolution in plan-view and with low radar cost [7,8]. However, the visibility of shallow buried targets in HSR images is usually obscured by clutter contamination, such as surface reflection, antenna coupling, and the inhomogeneities scattering response [9].…”