The impact of annealing temperature on improving microstructure and toughness of electron beam welded duplex stainless steel

Zhang, Zhiqiang; Jing, Hongyang; Han, Yongdian; Zhao, Lei; Lv, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Jianyang

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.12.018

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For a longer 60 min annealing time, the austenite volume fraction is increased further, up to 46.4%. Several studies have shown that annealing at 1000–1050 °C results in the highest austenite content in duplex stainless steels [7,15,35,36]. Annealing reactivates the transformation of the metastable ferrite into austenite, which was suppressed by fast cooling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annealing reactivates the transformation of the metastable ferrite into austenite, which was suppressed by fast cooling. With increasing the annealing temperature, more metastable ferrite transforms into austenite, but simultaneously thermodynamic equilibrium favors the transformation of austenite into ferrite [35]. A balance is reached in annealing at temperatures between 1000 °C and 1050 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective Laser Melting of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205: Effect of Post-Processing Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance

et al. 2019

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly growing field of technology. In order to increase the variety of metal alloys applicable for AM, selective laser melting (SLM) of duplex stainless steel 2205 powder and the resulting microstructure, density, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance were investigated. An optimal set of processing parameters for producing high density (>99.9%) material was established. Various post-processing heat treatments were applied on the as-built predominantly ferritic material to achieve the desired dual-phase microstructure. Effects of annealing at temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C, 1050 °C, and 1100 °C on microstructure, crystallographic texture, and phase balance were examined. As a result of annealing, 40–46 vol.% of austenite phase was formed. Annealing decreased the high yield and tensile strength values of the as-built material, but significantly increased the ductility. Annealing also decreased the residual stresses in the material. Mechanical properties of the SLM-processed and heat-treated materials outperformed those of conventionally produced alloy counterparts. Using a scanning strategy with 66° rotation between layers decreased the strength of the crystallographic texture. Electrochemical cyclic potentiodynamic polarization testing in 0.6 M NaCl solution at room temperature showed that the heat treatment improved the pitting corrosion resistance of the as-built SLM-processed material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Laser Melting of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205: Effect of Post-Processing Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance

et al. 2019

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“…Zhang et al [15] reported that during the deformation process, the characteristics of the phase interface between ferrite and austenite play a significant role and affect the impact toughness of the DSS. Generally, based on the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) model, the orientation of the phase interfaces between ferrite and austenite are coherent or semicoherent, while the other phase interfaces are incoherent interfaces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patra et al (2016) [18] showed that stress accumulation at an incoherent interface was more easily released by sliding at the interphase boundary. Zhang et al [15] also reported that incoherent interfaces are more prone to slip than coherent interfaces. It can be inferred that a higher proportion of RPB facilitates the release of the sliding interface boundary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Local-Dry Keyhole Tungsten Inert Gas Welded Joints

et al. 2019

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In this paper, the microstructure and impact toughness of a S32101 duplex stainless steel underwater local-dry keyhole tungsten inert gas welded joint were studied. The impact toughness value of the underwater weld metal reached 78% of the onshore weld metal, which is in accordance with the underwater welding standards. The proportion of austenite in the underwater weld metal was 0.9% lower than that of the onshore weld metal. The proportion of the Σ3 coincidence site lattice boundaries and random phase boundaries in the underwater weld metal, which significantly influence the impact toughness of the weld metal, were smaller than that of the onshore weld metal.

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“…As previously mentioned, during the BCC-FCC transformation, some variants were selected according to different ORs. The KS OR was mostly found by researchers in DSS weldments [38,[43][44][45]. Generally, the KS OR of the austenite/ferrite interphases follows a coherent or semi-coherent interphase.…”

Section: Interphase Boundary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Element partitioning and electron backscatter diffraction analysis from feeding wire to as-deposited microstructure of wire and arc additive manufacturing with super duplex stainless steel

Zhang

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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The redistribution of alloying elements and the crystallographic characterizations in wire and arc additive manufactured (WAAM) super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) was investigated from the wire to the final as-deposited structure. The results showed that elemental partitioning between austenite and ferrite was suppressed in the last layer and the solidified droplet. The high Ni content but low Cr and N contents in the initial state of the intragranular austenite (IGA) confirmed the predominance of the chromium nitrides acted as the nucleation sites. Gathering of nitrogen was found more distinct in the coarsening IGA, Widmanstätten austenite (WA) than the grain boundary austenite (GBA). The columnar epitaxial ferrite presented a strong <001> texture in the deposition direction, while the <001> and <101> orientations was found in the austenite. Random orientations of the intragranular secondary austenite was revealed. The Rotated Cube texture of the austenite grains were consumed by the "recrystallization" textures (Brass, Rotated Brass, Cu, R, E, and F) caused by the austenite reformation. The low-angle interphase boundaries between austenite and ferrite were predominated in the as-deposited wall, and, at which, the K-S orientation took the crucial part. A Taylor factor analysis revealed that through fabrication via additive process, the austenite became oriented "harder" and contributed most to good mechanical properties. The textured microstructure contributed about a 2.6% higher engineering strain in the Z direction and a 27.8 MPa higher yield strength in the X direction.

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The impact of annealing temperature on improving microstructure and toughness of electron beam welded duplex stainless steel

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Selective Laser Melting of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205: Effect of Post-Processing Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance

Selective Laser Melting of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205: Effect of Post-Processing Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance

Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Local-Dry Keyhole Tungsten Inert Gas Welded Joints

Element partitioning and electron backscatter diffraction analysis from feeding wire to as-deposited microstructure of wire and arc additive manufacturing with super duplex stainless steel

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