The impact of antenna diversity on the capacity of wireless communication systems

Winters, J.H.; Salz, J.; Gitlin, Richard D.

doi:10.1109/tcomm.1994.582882

Cited by 844 publications

(448 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Let denote the instantaneous SNR of the th diversity branch defined by (1) where is the average symbol energy, and is the instantaneous fading amplitude and is the two-sided noise power spectral density of the th branch. We model the 's as continuous random variables with (probability density function (pdf) and mean .…”

Section: B General Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T HE CAPACITY of wireless systems in a multipath environment can be increased by diversity techniques [1], such as selection diversity (SD) [2]- [4] or maximal-ratio combining (MRC) [4]. SD is the simplest form of diversity system whereby the received signal is selected from one out of available diversity branches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…virtual branches. 1 We further obtain a canonical structure for the SEP of H-S/MRC as a weighted sum of the elementary SEP's, which are the SEP's using MRC with i.i.d. branches in Rayleigh fading, or equivalently the SEP's of a nondiversity (single-branch) system in Nakagami fading, whose closed-form expressions are well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual branch analysis of symbol error probability for hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining in Rayleigh fading

Win

Winters

2001

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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250

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Abstract-In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for the symbol error probability (SEP) for a hybrid selection/maximalratio combining (H-S/MRC) diversity system in multipath-fading wireless environments. With H-S/MRC, out of diversity branches are selected and combined using maximal-ratio combining (MRC). We consider coherent detection of -ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) using H-S/MRC for the case of independent Rayleigh fading with equal signal-to-noise ratio averaged over the fading. The proposed problem is made analytically tractable by transforming the ordered physical diversity branches, which are correlated, into independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) "virtual branches," which results in a simple derivation of the SEP for arbitrary and . We further obtain a canonical structure for the SEP of H-S/MRC as a weighted sum of the elementary SEP's, which are the SEP's using MRC with i.i.d. diversity branches in Rayleigh fading, or equivalently the SEP's of the nondiversity (single-branch) system in Nakagami fading, whose closed-form expressions are well-known. We present numerical examples illustrating that H-S/MRC, even with , can achieve performance close to that of -branch MRC.Index Terms-Diversity combining, error probability, fading channel, maximal ratio combining, selection diversity, virtual branch technique.

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Section: B General Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual branch analysis of symbol error probability for hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining in Rayleigh fading

Win

Winters

2001

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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250

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“…The ever-increasing demand for mobile communication capacity has motivated the development of adaptive antenna array-assisted spatial processing techniques [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] in order to further improve the achievable spectral efficiency. A technique that has shown real promise in achieving substantial capacity enhancements is the use of adaptive beamforming with antenna arrays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive beamforming for binary phase shift keying communication systems

2007

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The paper revisits adaptive beamforming assisted receiver for multiple antenna aided multiuser systems that employ binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation. The standard minimum mean square error (MMSE) design is based on the criterion of minimising the mean square error (MSE) between the beamformer's desired output and complex-valued beamformer's output. Since the desired output for BPSK systems is real-valued, minimising the MSE between the beamformer's desired output and real-part of the beamformer's output can significantly improve the bit error rate (BER) performance, and we refer to this alternative MMSE design as the real-valued MMSE (RV-MMSE) to contrast to the standard complex-valued MMSE (CV-MMSE) design. The minimum BER (MBER) design however still outperforms the RV-MMSE solution, particularly for overloaded systems where degree of freedom of the antenna array is smaller than the number of BPSK users. Adaptive implementation of this RV-MMSE beamforming design is realised using a least mean square (LMS) type adaptive algorithm, which we refer to as the RV-LMS, in comparison to the standard CV-LMS algorithm. The RV-LMS adaptive beamformer is shown to have a similar computational complexity as the adaptive MBER beamforming implementation known as the least bit error rate (LBER), imposing only half of the computational requirements of the CV-LMS algorithm. r

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“…Smart antenna aided space-time processing is capable of substantially improving the achievable wireless system capacity, coverage and quality by suppressing the effects of both intersymbol interference and co-channel interference [1]- [12]. We consider the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system based on a space division multiple access (SDMA) scheme, where each transmitter employs a single antenna, while the receiver has multiple antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive space-time equalisation for multiple-antenna assisted multiple-input multiple-output systems

Livingstone

Chen

2005

2nd IEE/EURASIP Conference on DSPenabledRadio

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This paper investigates an adaptive space-time equalisation (STE) assisted multiuser detection scheme for multiple-antenna aided multiuser systems. A minimum bit error rate (MBER) design is compared with the standard minimum mean square error (MMSE) design. It is shown that the MBER design provides significant performance enhancement, in terms of achievable system bit error rate, over the MMSE design for the multiple-antenna assisted multiple-input multiple-output communication scenario. Adaptive implementation of the MBER STE is realised using a stochastic gradient based least bit error rate algorithm, which is demonstrated to consistently outperform the adaptive least mean square based STE.

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The impact of antenna diversity on the capacity of wireless communication systems

Cited by 844 publications

References 15 publications

Virtual branch analysis of symbol error probability for hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining in Rayleigh fading

Virtual branch analysis of symbol error probability for hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining in Rayleigh fading

Adaptive beamforming for binary phase shift keying communication systems

Adaptive space-time equalisation for multiple-antenna assisted multiple-input multiple-output systems

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