The impact of anthropogenic pressure on the virological quality of water from the Tiber River, Italy

Rosa, Giuseppina La; Sanseverino, Isabella; Libera, S. Della; Iaconelli, Marcello; Ferrero, Vittorio; Caracciolo, Anna Barra; Lettieri, Teresa

doi:10.1111/lam.12774

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, increasing data suggest a role for this virus, at least for HBoV-2, as an etiological agent of gastroenteritis in the pediatric population (25). HBoV can be discharged in untreated wastewaters through virus shedding and, consequently, disperse throughout water environments, as shown recently in Italy (30,31) and elsewhere (26,28,32). Bivalve mollusks concentrate several human pathogens transmitted by the fecal-oral route, including a wide range of enteric viruses (35)(36)(37), whose presence in these aquatic organisms may be evaluated to assess the safety of the product for human consumption (38) or for biomonitoring purposes (39,40).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nested PCR for detection of HBoV. The presence of HBoV genomes was investigated by nested PCR and sequencing using broad-range primer pairs targeting the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 of HBoV, successfully used previously with both clinical and environmental samples (16,30,31).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the presence of HBoV in environmental samples, including wastewaters, sewage sludge, and water impacted by sewage, has also been reported (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33), therefore suggesting a potential role of water in the transmission of this virus. To date, no information on the presence of HBoV in food matrices is available.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Detection of Human Bocavirus Species 2 and 3 in Bivalve Shellfish in Italy

Rosa

Purpari

Guercio

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been shown to be a common cause of respiratory infections and gastroenteritis in children. Recently, HBoVs have been detected in sewage and river waters in Italy and worldwide. However, studies on their presence in other water environments and in bivalve mollusks are not yet available. In this study, 316 bivalve shellfish samples collected in three Italian regions over a 6-year period (2012 to 2017) were analyzed by nested PCR and sequencing using broad-range primer pairs targeting the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 of HBoV. The virus was detected in 27 samples (8.5% of the total samples), and a statistically significant difference was found within the three regions. A further 13 samples, collected in geographic and temporal proximity to positive samples, were included in the study to assess the spread of HBoV in shellfish production areas at the time of contamination. Twelve of these additional samples were found to be positive for HBoV. All positive samples in this study were characterized as HBoV species 2 (17 samples; 8 different sequences) or species 3 (22 samples; 4 different sequences). This study reports the occurrence of HBoV in bivalve shellfish and shows evidence of considerable spatial spread of the virus throughout shellfish production areas. Further studies are needed to elucidate both the role of HBoV as an agent of gastroenteritis and the risk for foodborne transmission of this virus. Human bocavirus is recognized as an important cause of acute respiratory tract infections and has recently been considered an etiological agent of gastroenteritis in the pediatric population. Our findings document that HBoVs are detected in bivalve shellfish with a relevant prevalence and suggest that an assessment of the risk for foodborne transmission of these viruses should be undertaken.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Human Bocavirus Species 2 and 3 in Bivalve Shellfish in Italy

Rosa

Purpari

Guercio

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Estuaries are complex environments with various factors that influence the presence and concentration of micro-organisms, including persistence in sediments, behavior in seawater, tides and currents (Pommepuy et al, 2005). Direct discharge of treated or untreated sewage effluent, unintentional discharges by urban dwellings, rural run-off, waste input from boats, and fresh water discharges into tributary rivers, also contribute to coastal contamination (La Rosa et al, 2017). It is clear that contamination of shellfish beds can occur through various pathways, not just from STP effluent, and the results of this study highlight that further investigations are needed to decrease viral input into the upper part of the estuary from other unknown sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the efficacy of sewage treatment decreases norovirus contamination in oysters

Schaeffer

Treguier

Piquet

et al. 2018

International Journal of Food Microbiology

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As human population increases worldwide, water quality will become increasingly problematic, and food consumed raw may be of higher risk. This is already evident for oysters grown in coastal areas - despite regulations based on bacterial indicators, oysters are still implicated in food-borne outbreaks worldwide. The pathogens most frequently detected are human noroviruses, which are shed at high concentrations in human excreta and are very resistant to environmental conditions. Sewage treatment plants usually apply a variety of steps such as activated sludge treatment, chlorine or UV disinfection to eliminate contaminants, these processes have variable efficacy. This study demonstrates the impact of replacing an old lagoon-based sewage treatment plant with a new membrane bioreactor sewage treatment plant on human norovirus levels in treated sewage and oysters. While comparable norovirus concentrations were detected in the influent samples, a clear difference was observed in effluent quality, as norovirus was only detected in one sample after treatment in the new membrane bioreactor system, confirming the efficiency of such technology. As a direct impact, oysters located close to the membrane bioreactor sewage outfall were less frequently contaminated by norovirus, and showed lower concentrations compared to the first period of the study when they were exposed to sewage effluent from the lagoon outfall. Shellfish located upstream showed comparable contamination levels suggesting that there are also other sources of norovirus contamination in the estuary. Considering the health benefits of shellfish consumption, improving wastewater quality will make an important contribution to enhancing the safety of shellfish and international food security.

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“…RVA can be detected in many animal species and is an economically important pathogen in suckling pigs and calves but is usually species-specific. Reports of zoonotic transmissions exist but the most important sources of human infection are humans [41,42]. Foodborne transmission is mainly a problem in developing countries where also water contamination is frequent.…”

Section: Rotavirus Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Viruses Detected on and in our Food

Bachofen

2018

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to provide an update on recent literature and findings concerning selected foodborne viruses. Two groups of viruses were selected: (a) the most important viruses contaminating food, based on numbers of publications in the last 5 years and (b) viruses infecting sources of food that might have an impact on human health. Recent Findings Important foodborne viruses such as norovirus, hepatitis A and rotavirus are usually "only" contaminating food and are detected on the surface of foodstuffs. However, they are threats to human public health and make up for the majority of cases. In contrast, the meaning of viruses born from within the food such as natural animal and plant viruses is still in many cases unknown. An exception is Hepatitis E virus that is endemic in pigs, transmitted via pork meat and is recognised as an emerging zoonosis in industrialised countries. Summary Even though the clinical meaning of "new" foodborne viruses, often detected by next generation sequencing, still needs clarification, the method has great potential to enhance surveillance and detection particularly in view of an increasingly globalised food trade.

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The impact of anthropogenic pressure on the virological quality of water from the Tiber River, Italy

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Detection of Human Bocavirus Species 2 and 3 in Bivalve Shellfish in Italy

Detection of Human Bocavirus Species 2 and 3 in Bivalve Shellfish in Italy

Improving the efficacy of sewage treatment decreases norovirus contamination in oysters

Selected Viruses Detected on and in our Food

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