The impact of anti-sea lice pesticides, azamethiphos and deltamethrin, on European lobster (Homarus gammarus) larvae in the Norwegian marine environment

Parsons, Aoife E.; Escobar-Lux, Rosa H.; Sævik, Pål Næverlid; Samuelsen, Ole Bent; Agnalt, Ann‐Lisbeth

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114725

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For deltamethrin the 1 h-LC 50 values (with 95% CIs) for stage I and II larvae were estimated to be 2.6 ng/L (0.6–11.0 ng/L) and 2.9 ng/L (1.5–5.7 ng/L), representing approximately 800-fold dilution of the treatment concentration of 2000 ng/L. Considering the sensitivity of krill towards H 2 O 2 found in the present study, where the LC 50 ranged from 52- to 2000-fold dilution with increasing post-exposure period, impact zones like those calculated for deltamethrin in Parsons et al ( 2020 ) will be most relevant for impact zones for H 2 O 2 and krill.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The presented model simulations therefore suggest that the Northern krill within 2 km of a salmonid farm may be exposed to lethal concentration of H 2 O 2 . Parsons et al (2020) used dispersion models to predict the spreading of pharmaceuticals from salmonid farms in Norway, following bath treatment. Based on the models and LC 50 values (1 h exposure followed by 24 h post-exposure period) for European lobster larvae (stage I and II) they calculated impact zones around 23 Norwegian fish farms for the pesticides azamethiphos and deltamethrin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have also shown that decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and O 2 bubbles in the gut and the haemolymph may cause mechanical paralysis leading to detachment of the pre-adult and adult salmon lice from the fish and causing them to float towards the surface (Bruno and Raynard 1994 ; Aaen et al 2014 ). A bath treatment involves the release of a large volume of H 2 O 2 containing waste water and the chemical can potentially be dispersed over a wide area (Burridge et al 2010 , 2014 , Parsons et al 2020 , Refseth et al 2017 ). Therefore, there is a growing concern about the possible toxic effects of H 2 O 2 on non-target aquatic invertebrate species living in the vicinity of fish farms, and specifically crustaceans which has been proven as particularly vulnerable (Smit et al 2008 ; Burridge et al 2014 ; Van Geest et al 2014 ; Gebauer et al 2017 ; Hansen et al 2017 ; Bechmann et al 2019 ; Escobar-Lux et al 2019 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, toxicity studies use exposure times that vary from 24 to 96 h. However, these may not be representative of the real-life scenarios following a release of waste water after a bath treatment on a salmon farm (Ernst et al 2001 ; Urbina et al 2019 ). The use of 1 h exposures, is considered a more realistic exposure scenario, but to date only a limited number of species have been tested under those conditions (Medina et al 2004 ; Fairchild et al 2010 ; Burridge et al 2014 ; Van Geest et al 2014 ; Escobar-Lux et al 2019 ; Parsons et al 2020 ). What these previous studies also have shown is that the mortality observed immediately after exposure tends to be lower than the mortalities registered if a post-exposure period is included in the experimental set-up.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Acute and Delayed Mortality of the Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) When Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide

Escobar-Lux

Samuelsen

2020

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Bath treatment pharmaceuticals used to control sea lice infestations in the salmonid industry, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are released directly into the environment where non-target organisms are at risk of exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the threshold concentrations for mortality of the Northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, a major component of the north Atlantic marine ecosystem. To assess the lethal effects of H2O2, we carried out a series of 1 h acute toxicity tests and assessed mortality through a 48 h post-exposure period. One-hour exposure to 170 mg/L, corresponding to 10% of the recommended H2O2 treatment, caused 100% mortality and a subsequent acute median-lethal concentration LC50 value of 32.5 mg/L. Increased mortality was observed with time in all exposed groups, resulting in successively lower LC50 values during the post-exposure period. The suggested H2O2 concentrations have the potential of causing negative effects to the Northern krill.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Acute and Delayed Mortality of the Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) When Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide

Escobar-Lux

Samuelsen

2020

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…Development activities in some coastal belts have had negative impacts on the marine environment, including habitat loss, degradation of fishery resources, deterioration of water quality, excessive pollutants in edible fish and shellfish, channel siltation, decline in productivity of biological resources, and invasion of alien species [3][4][5][6][7]. As a result, offshore sea areas have witnessed a decline in the potential for development and utilization as well as the capability of sustainable development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Coupling Co-Ordination between Intensive Sea Use and the Marine Economy in the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt of China

Liu

Zhuang

et al. 2020

Complexity

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At present, there are few relevant studies on the intensive sea use, and few scholars have provided qualitative and quantitative research examples on the interaction and interaction coupling relationship between intensive sea use and the marine economy. This study constructs comprehensive evaluation indicator systems using the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt as the research object. The set pair analysis method is used to obtain comprehensive results, and the coupling coordination degree model is employed to carry out an in-depth analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the interaction between intensive sea use and the marine economy. The results show the following. (1) The six cities in the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt exhibited a fluctuating upward trend in the composite index for intensive sea use, but the intensive sea use level differed among the cities. The intensive sea use level of Huludao was the lowest among the six cities. (2) All cities in the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt witnessed an upward trend in the marine economy development index, and the gaps between the cities gradually narrowed. The marine economy development index was ranked from top to bottom as follows: Jinzhou, Panjin, Dalian, Yingkou, Dandong, and Huludao. (3)The coupling coordination degree between intensive sea use and marine economy development was relatively stable in Dalian, Jinzhou, Yingkou, and Panjin, ranging approximately from 0.76 to 0.96, which indicates that the four cities witnessed good coordination between sea area utilization and marine economy development. The coupling coordination degree of Dandong and Huludao were relatively low, and Huludao consistently witnessed a low value.

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Salmon farming alters the structure and functioning of Norwegian maerl bed communities

Legrand,

Taormina,

Grall

et al. 2024

Aquatic Conservation

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Effluents resulting from fish farming activities can alter the structure and functioning of benthic ecosystems. In Norway, recent technological advances within the salmon industry have facilitated the expansion of aquaculture into shallower locations, leading to additional pressures upon coastal habitats. Maerl/rhodolith beds are important bioengineers in coastal waters—supporting highly diverse associated macrofaunal communities—and are likely to be particularly at risk. This study aims to investigate the environmental changes induced by fish farms in their vicinity and their impact on the structure and functioning of maerl bed macrofaunal communities. High dissolved nutrients and organic enrichment levels were observed close to the cages, associated with lower live maerl cover. Overall, the most substantial impact of salmon farms on macrofaunal communities was observed within 100 m from the cages. Nevertheless, changes in the structure and functioning of assemblages were evidenced up to 300 m. In the vicinity of the cages, communities were characterized by the dominance of endobenthic subsurface deposit feeders and opportunistic species, notably the polychaetes Chaetozone sp., Capitella sp. and Scoloplos armiger. Conversely, sites situated farther away from the cages exhibited higher abundances of epibenthic taxa, including crawlers, grazers and species sensitive to organic enrichment. Sites unaffected by the presence of fish farms were described by high abundances of the ophiuroid Ophiura robusta, the polychaete Proclea graffi and ostracods, reflecting more favourable environmental conditions. Such changes in macrofaunal communities highlight the vulnerability of maerl beds to the impacts of aquaculture, thus emphasizing the importance of rigorous site selection when establishing new fish farming facilities.

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The impact of anti-sea lice pesticides, azamethiphos and deltamethrin, on European lobster (Homarus gammarus) larvae in the Norwegian marine environment

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

The Acute and Delayed Mortality of the Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) When Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide

The Acute and Delayed Mortality of the Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) When Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide

Analysis of Coupling Co-Ordination between Intensive Sea Use and the Marine Economy in the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt of China

Salmon farming alters the structure and functioning of Norwegian maerl bed communities

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