The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Labor Market

Webb, Michael

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3482150

“…More recent literature highlighted the role of computerized systems within workplaces to drawing on AI to replicate human intelligence and behaviours in performing complex and cognitive job tasks [60]. Furthermore, advancements in the development of ML, neural networks, and deep learning has increased the likelihood of computerized systems performing advanced information processing and predictive jobs tasks (e.g., data analysis, communication, prediction and problem solving) [63,[75][76][77][78][79][80]. Studies indicated that outcomes of the growing use of AI and ML applications in the labor market have been mixed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation in the Future of Work: A Horizon Scan Examining the Impact of the Changing Nature of Work on Vulnerable Workers

Jetha¹,

Shamaee²,

Bonaccio³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. The future of work is characterized by social, technological, economic, environmental and political changes that are expected to disrupt all aspects of the working world. Our study aims to understand how the future of work impacts vulnerable workers. Methods. We conducted a horizon scan to systematically identify and synthesize diverse sources of evidence including academic research, gray literature and social media. Search terms were generated by members of the multidisciplinary research team, and combined with work outcome, future- and change-related and vulnerable worker search terms. Six search portals were used to uncover peer reviewed and gray literature across diverse disciplines. Search terms were also entered into Twitter’s standard search interface to identify social media resources. Literature was screened for eligibility (i.e., English language, documented a change in the nature of work, industrialized context and description of impact to vulnerable workers). Each relevant article was synthesized, and trend categories were developed by through iterative discussions among the research team. Results. An initial search yielded 4,800 articles after removing duplicates. Following a title and abstract relevancy screen, 3,195 articles were excluded. A total of 342 articles were fully reviewed. A synthesis of articles found nine trend categories which included digital transformation of the economy, artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML)-enhanced automation, AI-enabled human resource management systems, skill requirements for the future of work; globalization 2.0, climate change and the green economy, Gen Zs and the work environment; populism and the future of work, and external shocks to accelerate the changing nature of work (The COVID-19 example). Some workers may be more likely to experience vulnerability in the future of work including greater exposure to job displacement or wage depression. However, some potentially positive future of work trends also existed and could be beneficial for the labor market engagement of certain groups. Discussion. The changing nature of work can be fragmented for different groups of workers. Our research offers an important step towards understanding and supporting the involvement of vulnerable workers in the future of work.

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“…However, not all technologies have the same effect. For example, although robotics and software have significant impacts on blue-collar workers (i.e., substituting predictable and routine tasks), artificial-intelligence (i.e., computer-discretionary probing for patterns within ambiguity-prone situations) appears to have its main adverse impact on highly-skilled workers (Acemoglu and Restrepo, 2020;Webb, 2020;. For inequality, therefore, the automation effects of robotics and software are the central concern.…”

Section: Methodology: a Two-level Cross-sectional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Cities and Socioeconomic Inequality

Boschken

¹

2020

Preprint

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Inequality in metropolitan areas is part of a paradoxical triangle of competing motives over resources allocation. Chief among inequality/equity rivals is the penchant for urban economic development, but in recent decades, ecological sustainability has also become increasingly important in this triangle. To understand inequality in global cities in such a context, one must recognize the intensity of economic development motives for those particular metropolitan areas seeking to maintain worldwide centrality, connectivity and command over the forces of globalization. As a comparative analysis of 53 large U.S. metropolitan areas, this paper examines the apparatus of a global city in response to globalization, particularly since such metropolitan areas produce higher socioeconomic inequality than other places. Through a causal path analysis, it empirically uncovers essential components of the paradoxical triangle in the ongoing struggle of global cities to sustain their world-city status. In so doing, the evidence suggests heightened inequality is a function of (a) the global city's use of certain "cornerstone" resources to sustain global advantage, and (b) its resultant polarized employment structure and commensurate skewed social stratification.

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“…However, not all technologies have the same effect. For example, although robotics and software have significant impacts on blue-collar workers (i.e., substituting predictable and routine tasks), artificial-intelligence (i.e., computer-discretionary probing for patterns within ambiguity-prone situations) appears to have its main adverse impact on highly-skilled workers (Acemoglu and Restrepo, 2020;Webb, 2020;. For inequality, therefore, the automation effects of robotics and software are the central concern.…”

Section: Methodology: a Two-level Cross-sectional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Cities and Socioeconomic Inequality: A Pathways Inquiry

Boschken

¹

2020

SSRN Journal

1

0

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Inequality in metropolitan areas is part of a paradoxical triangle of competing motives over resources allocation. Chief among inequality/equity rivals is the penchant for urban economic development, but in recent decades, ecological sustainability has also become increasingly important in this triangle. To understand inequality in global cities in such a context, one must recognize the intensity of economic development motives for those particular metropolitan areas seeking to maintain worldwide centrality, connectivity and command over the forces of globalization. As a comparative analysis of 53 large U.S. metropolitan areas, this paper examines the apparatus of a global city in response to globalization, particularly since such metropolitan areas produce higher socioeconomic inequality than other places. Through a causal path analysis, it empirically uncovers essential components of the paradoxical triangle in the ongoing struggle of global cities to sustain their world-city status. In so doing, the evidence suggests heightened inequality is a function of (a) the global city's use of certain "cornerstone" resources to sustain global advantage, and (b) its resultant polarized employment structure and commensurate skewed social stratification.

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The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Labor Market

Cited by 241 publications

References 33 publications

Fragmentation in the Future of Work: A Horizon Scan Examining the Impact of the Changing Nature of Work on Vulnerable Workers

Fragmentation in the Future of Work: A Horizon Scan Examining the Impact of the Changing Nature of Work on Vulnerable Workers

Global Cities and Socioeconomic Inequality

Global Cities and Socioeconomic Inequality: A Pathways Inquiry

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