In spite of the existence of several educational resources in the field of language teaching as well as the quick growth of advanced technologies, educational textbooks still play a major role. This explains the significance of designing and evaluating textbooks in countries where language instruction is highly textbookoriented. The present paper reports the results of a summative evaluation of the textbook 'Prospect 1' which is employed across the nation for zero beginners at junior high school. To this aim, the motivational design of the book was evaluated using Keller's ARCS model recognized as one of the most effective models. Based on the analysis of the survey and interview data it was observed that in general the students' motivation for this book is desirable. The findings also indicated that this book is more effective in the Confidence area followed by Relevance. On the contrary, it was found out that the students' Satisfaction and most of all Attention were not desirable. The findings of this study verified in general that this book has a suitable motivational design. However, it is suggested that the related amendments for improving the desirability for the Satisfaction and Attention areas be implemented.Keywords: summative evaluation, motivational design, attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction, ARCS model
INTRODUCTIONEducational textbooks always play a major role in teaching and learning (Hutchinson & Torres, 1994;Richards, 2001;AbdelWahab, 2013) and while using authentic materials has always been recommended (Tomilson, 2001;Berardo, 2006;Horwitz, 2008;Belet
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A Summative Evaluation of 'Prospect 1': Employing the ARCS …International Journal of Instruction, July 2018 • Vol.11, No.3 Boyaci & Guner, 2018, still it may not be possible to 'repel the total use of materials specifically designed for language learners ' (Zohoorian & Pandian, 2011).That is why as much the preparation of a textbook is considered as of significant importance, continuous evaluation of educational books based on actual and everyday needs of the learners is basically important (Hutchinson & Waters, 1987). Thus, it is only then that the implementation of a comprehensive evaluation process and the efficacy of a book for teaching can be realized.On the other hand, one of the factors that affect learners' achievement is motivation. According to Maehr (1984) and Wigfield (1994) learners are more likely to begin a task and continue working on it if they actually want to do so. In fact, motivation for learning a second language is one of the realizations of positive attitudes toward the language. Therefore, if students have positive attitudes toward the teachers, materials and methods, they will try to learn the language. However, if they have negative attitudes toward the language, materials, and the teachers, they will hardly achieve any success (Bas & Beyhan, 2010).The ARCS Model of Motivational Design was originally designed by John Keller for improving the learning process with motivation. In this model motivation is "...